Cairo Egypt Fatimid Gold Coin 439 AH 1047 AD, Al-Mustansir Dinar Extremely Fine

Description: Gold dinar from Al-Mustansir the Fatimid Khalif who ruled the Muslim empire in the period 427-487 AH (1036 - 1094 AD). Al-Mustansir is the tenth caliph of the Fatimid dynasty. His full name being, Abu Tamim M’ad AL-Mustansir Billah. This is the type dinar with the central legend identified as type I1 by Nicol. Please carefully review the scan presented as it is part and parcel of  our description.

Date: The date of minting is shown as 439 AH or 1047 AD.

Mint: The coin was minted in Misr current day Fustat on the outskirts of Cairo the capital of Egypt.

Size and Weight: This is a dinar, weighs 4.05 grams and is  ~21.5 mm in diameter.

References: It is Album #719, is Nicol 2119 and is listed in Lane Poole's Catalogue of the Khedivial Collection in Cairo Egypt as numbers 1123 and 1124.

Condition: I would grade this coin as extremely fine. The coin has a well centered strike and very readable calligraphy. This coin is better than the scan shows. It does have minimal wear commensurate with its age and circulated state. Please view the scan for additional condition information.

Historic Perspective: The Fatimid Caliphate is a Shi'a dynasty that ruled over the Islamic world of mostly North Africa from 5 January 910 to 1171. The ruling elite of the state belonged to the Ismaili branch of Shi'ism. They are also part of the chain of holders of the office of Caliph, as recognized by most Muslims, the only period in which the Shia Imamate and the Caliphate were united to any degree, excepting the Caliphate of Ali himself. The Fatimids were reputed to exercise a degree of religious tolerance towards non-Ismaili sects of Islam as well as towards Jews and Coptic Christians. The Fatimids had their origins in Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia and eastern Algeria) but after the conquest of Egypt about 970 AD, they built the City of Cairo and used it as their Capital.

Abu Ali Al-Mansur Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah reigned in the period of 386-411 AH. His rule was rather capricious punctuated by intermittent periods of persecution of the Christians and the prohibition of Mulkhia, a favorite green soup of the Egyptian populace. He disappeared on 27 Shawwal 411AH or 13 February 1021 and was never found again. It is not certain what happened to him. The dynasty was founded in 296 AH (909 AD) by Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, who legitimized his claim through descent from Muhammad by way of his daughter Fatima as-Zahra and her husband Ali ibn-Abi-Talib, the first Shi'a Imam, hence the name al-Fatimiyyen "Fatimid". Abdullah al-Mahdi's control soon extended over all of central Maghreb, an area consisting of the modern countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, which he ruled from Mahdia, his newly-built capital in Tunisia.

The Fatimids (Abu Tamim Ma'add al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah) entered Egypt in 358 AH (969AD) , conquering the Ikhshidid dynasty. Eventually they founded a new capital at al-Qahirat "The Subduer" (modern Cairo) - a reference to the appearance of the planet Mars. They continued to conquer the surrounding areas until they ruled from Tunisia to Syria and even crossed over into Sicily and southern Italy. Under the Fatimids, Egypt became the center of an empire that included at its peak North Africa, Sicily, Palestine, Syria, the Red Sea coast of Africa, Yemen and the Hejaz. Under the Fatimids, Egypt flourished and developed an extensive trade network in both the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean (establishing trade and diplomatic ties all the way to China under the Song Dynasty), which eventually determined the economic course of Egypt during the High Middle Ages.

After the decay of the Fatimid political system in the 1160s, the Zengid ruler Nur ad-Din had his general, Saladin, seize Egypt in 1169, forming the Sunni Ayyubid Dynasty.