{"title":"Ancient Coins","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"cairo-egypt-gold-coin-ottoman-sultani-1003-1012-ah-mehmed-or-muhammad-iii","title":"Cairo Egypt Gold Coin Ottoman Sultani 1003-1012 AH Mehmed or Muhammad  III","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription: \u003c\/strong\u003e Gold Sultani struck in Egypt during the reign of Muhammad III (or Mehmed III) who ascended the throne in 1595 AD (1003 AH). The coin was struck in the period 1595 - 1603 AD (1003-1012 AH). The coin shows the date clearly as 1003 AH, which is Muhammed's accession date to the throne. Ottoman coins at that time used such a date for most coins struck during a sultan's reign and did not have the actual year of striking indicated. It also clearly shows the mint as Misr current day Fustat on the outskirt of Cairo the current capital of Egypt. The obverse of the coin reads \"Sultan Muhammad  bin Murad Khan Ezat Nasruh Duriba Fee Misr Sanat 1003\", while the reverse reads \"Sultan al Barrain wa Khaqan al Bahrain; al-Sultan ibn al-Sultan.\" Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Marked 1003 AH or 1595 AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Misr current day Fustat on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a sultani, weighs 3.4 grams and is about 20.5 mm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is KM #6.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as very fine or much better with a well centered and bold strike. The calligraphy is very readable and is all there. The coin does have area of flatness or strike weakness which can be seen in the scan. Additionally the coins has a slightly wavy flan. This is a quality coin and would make a great addition to your collection. Please see photo to judge the grade and to appreciate the quality as well as the condition of this beautiful coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unlike prior Islamic coins struck in Egypt, Ottoman coins do not have long praying sentences. They contain the name of the Sultan and his father's, name of the mint, the accession date for the Sultan, and a short wishful sentence such as \"khullide mulkehu (may his rule be permanent)\" or \"azzet nasrehu (may his glory be holy)\".\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ottoman Empire existed from 699 AH (1300 AD) till 1341AH (1924 AD). In the beginning, the Ottoman state struck only silver coins known as Akce until the reign of Muhammad II (Mehmet the conqueror). On May 29, 1453, Mehmet II conquered Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire. He made it the capital of the Ottoman State and called in Konstantiniye or Qustantinya (current day Istanbul). In 1478 he began striking Gold coins known as Sultani (also known as Dinar, Ashrafi, Funduk, or Altin). He based it on the Venetian ducat standard of 3.5 gram of high purity gold  (over 21K).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt was conquered by Selim I in 1517 AD (921 AH) and the mamluk rule was ended. Selim I, began striking coins in Cairo and used the mint name \"MISR\" on the coins. Although the Ottoman were the official rulers of Egypt the mamluks still wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's. The obverse of the coin reads \"Al Sultan Suleyman, Ibn Selim Khan, azzet nasrehu, Duriba Fee Misr Sanat 926 (literally translated as The Sultan Suleyman son of sultan Selim khan, may his glory be holy, struck in Egypt in the year 926).\" Please carefully view photos as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ottoman empire reached the height of its power under Sulayman I the Magnificent, with territory extending across north Africa and through the Balkans into Hungary. Coins were struck in more than forty mints spread throughout the empire. Sulayman was distinguished for his justice and tolerance. His military, educational, and legal reforms earned him the name Sulayman the Lawgiver (al-Kanuni) among Muslims. He was fond of pomp and splendor and was a lavish patron of the arts and of literature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMehmed III remains notorious even in Ottoman history for having nineteen of his brothers and half brothers executed to secure power. Mehmed III was an idle ruler, leaving government to his mother. The major event of his reign was the Austro-Ottoman War in Hungary (1593–1606).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Cairo Egypt Gold Coin Ottoman Sultani 1003-1012 AH Mehmed or Muhammad  III","offer_id":720159741,"sku":"","price":525.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/OTM052.jpeg?v=1571438769"},{"product_id":"cairo-egypt-gold-coin-ottoman-zeri-mahbub-or-beloved-gold-1168-ah-1754-ad-osman-iii-xf","title":"Cairo Egypt Gold Coin Ottoman Zeri Mahbub or Beloved Gold 1168 AH - 1754 AD Osman III - XF","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e  Gold Zeri Mahbub (Beloved Gold) coin struck in Egypt during the reign of Osman III who ascended the throne in 1754 AD (1168 AH). The coin was struck in the period 1754-1757 AD (1168-1171 AH). The coin shows the date clearly as 1168 AH, which is Osman's accession date to the throne. Ottoman coins at that time used such a date for most coins struck during a sultan's reign and did not have the actual year of striking indicated. It also clearly shows the mint as Misr current day Fustat on the outskirt of Cairo the current capital of Egypt. The obverse of the coin has Osman's Toughra and the words\"Ezat Nasruh Duriba Fee Misr Sanat 1168\", while the reverse reads \"Sultan al-Barain wa Khaqan al-Bahrain, al-Sultan Ibn al-Sultan.\" This coin has the letter Sad above the noun in ibn (this is type viii). The coin had a hole which has been plugged (please see about 12:00 O'clock on the  obverse). Please carefully view the scan as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Marked 1168 AH or 1754 AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Misr current day Fustat on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a zeri mahbub, weighs 2.57 grams and is about 22 mm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is KM 97 and is listed in Kazan as 824 and listed in Lane Poole's Catalog of the Khedivial Collection as1750.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as extremely fine with mush of its original mint luster remaining, and a well centered and bold strike. The calligraphy is very readable and is all there.  The coin has a slightly wavy flan and has a plugged hole. However, this does not distract from the beauty or quality of the coin. This is a quality coin Please see photo to appreciate the quality and condition of this beautiful coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unlike prior Islamic coins struck in Egypt, Ottoman coins do not have long praying sentences. They contain the name of the Sultan and his father's, name of the mint, the accession date for the Sultan, and a short wishful sentence such as \"khullide mulkehu (may his rule be permanent)\" or \"azzet nasrehu (may his glory be holy)\".\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ottoman Empire existed from 699 AH (1300 AD) till 1341AH (1924 AD). In the beginning, the Ottoman state struck only silver coins known as\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAkce until the reign of Muhammad II (Mehmet the conqueror). On May 29, 1453, Mehmet II conquered Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire. He made it the capital of the Ottoman State and called in Konstantiniye or Qustantinya (current day Istanbul). In 1478 he began striking Gold coins known as Sultani (also known as Dinar, Ashrafi, Funduk, or Altin). He based it on the Venetian ducat standard of 3.5 gram of high purity gold  (over 21K).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt was conquered by Selim I in 1517 AD (921 AH) and the mamluk rule was ended. Selim I, began striking coins in Cairo and used the mint name \"MISR\" on the coins. Although the Ottoman were the official rulers of Egypt the mamluks still wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's. The obverse of the coin reads \"Al Sultan Suleyman, Ibn Selim Khan, azzet nasrehu, Duriba Fee Misr Sanat 926 (literally translated as The Sultan Suleyman son of sultan Selim khan, may his glory be holy, struck in Egypt in the year 926).\" Please carefully view photos as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ottoman empire reached the height of its power under Sulayman I the Magnificent, with territory extending across north Africa and through the Balkans into Hungary. Coins were struck in more than forty mints spread throughout the empire. Sulayman was distinguished for his justice and tolerance. His military, educational, and legal reforms earned him the name Sulayman the Lawgiver (al-Kanuni) among Muslims. He was fond of pomp and splendor and was a lavish patron of the arts and of literature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe later years of Sulayman's reign were marred by family disputes over the succession. His favorite wife, Roxelana (or Khurema) intrigued against his eldest son, Mustafa, on behalf of her two sons, Selim and Beyazid. Mustafa built up his own faction, which seemed a threat to Sulayman. In 1553, Sulayman had him executed. Upon Roxelana's death, Selim and Beyazid quarreled. Beyazid rose in revolt, met defeat, and fled to Persia. The shah of Persia was induced to return him for a large sum, and Beyazid was executed. Selim succeeded Sulayman as Selim II.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Cairo Egypt Gold Coin Ottoman Zeri Mahbub or Beloved Gold 1168 AH - 1754 AD Osman III - XF","offer_id":720170925,"sku":"","price":449.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/OTM040.jpeg?v=1571438769"},{"product_id":"egypt-ayyubid-gold-coin-alexandria-mint-al-aizi-uthman-dinar-585-595-ah-1193-1198-ad-vf","title":"Egypt Ayyubid Gold Coin Alexandria Mint Al-Aziz Uthman Dinar 585-595 AH \/ 1193-1198 AD VF","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription: \u003c\/strong\u003e Gold dinar from Al-'Aziz Uthman or Othman, the Ayyubid Sultan who ruled Egypt and Syria in the period 589-595 AH (1193 - 1198 AD). Al-'Aziz Uthman is the second sultan of the Ayyubid dynasty. He ascended the throne upon the death of Al-Nasir Salah Al-Din Yusuf I (Saladin). His full name being, Al-'Aziz 'Imad Al-Din Abu Al-Fath 'Uthman Ibn Yusuf. Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Date is missing from the coin, but was struck during the rule of Uthman or Othman sometime in the period 1193-1198 AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e al-Iskandareiya, current day Alexandria in Egypt\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dinar, weighs 3.25 grams and is 19 mm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #794, it is similar to Balog as 190-193 but the date is missing and is listed as 1354 in Lane Poole's Catalog of the Khedivial Collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as very fine. The coin has a granular texture and some areas of weakness. However, the calligraphy is clear and very readable and the mint name is clear. Please note the coin itself is much better than the scan shows with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Prespective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Ayyubids were one of the great Islamic dynasties. The dynasty was founded by al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf I (Saladin) in AH 564\/1169 AD and ruled in Egypt and Syria until falling to the Mamluks in the mid 7th century AH. The Ayyubids are of Kurdish origins. Saladin and his brother Shirquah were recruited among others by the Zangid Nur Al-Din. Shirquah gained control over Egypt from the fatimids, and died almost immediately, leaving his nephew Salah El-Din Ibn Ayyub as his successor and soon was recognized by his troops. Saladin (probably the most respected figure of the middle ages by both friends and foes) was the real founder of the Dynasty. With his victory at Hittin in 583 AH\/ 1187 AD, the holy city of Jerusalem was liberated from the crusaders and great event in Muslim history. He extinguished the last Fatimids of Egypt and replaced the Isma’ili Shiism by a strongly Orthodox Sunni religious and educational policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-'Aziz Uthman was the son of Salah al-Din (Saladin). He ruled for about 10 years and issued gold coins, which continued to look like the Fatimid Dinars.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Egypt Ayyubid Gold Coin Alexandria Mint Al-Aizi Uthman Dinar 585-595 AH \/ 1193-1198 AD VF","offer_id":720243853,"sku":"","price":600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/AYB011.jpeg?v=1571438769"},{"product_id":"crusader-imitation-fatimid-gold-dinar-or-bezant-al-imam-al-mansur-al-amer-ostensibly-struck-in-misr","title":"Crusader Imitation Fatimid Gold Dinar or Bezant Al Imam al-Mansur Al’Amer Ostensibly Struck in Misr","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e  Crusader imitation Gold Dinar or Bezant struck during the time of the Fatimid Caliph al-Amer Bi-Ahkam Allah. This gold coin is an imitation of al-Amer dinar. al-Amer is referred to as al-Imam al-Mansur and ruled in the period 495-524 AH (1101-1130 AD ). It is ostensibly struck in Misr (Fustat on the outskirts of Cairo the current Capital of Egypt) but shows no readable mint name or date. As is the case with these coins, it has illegible highly stylized imitation Arabic calligraphy. Please carefully review the scan presented as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e About early 500's AH or 1100's AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Uncertain but probably at Acre by the kings of Jerusalem.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is an imitation gold dinar, weighs ~3.52 grams and is ~21 mm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album 730,  and Myssa Daoud 991.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as nice very fine to extremely fine with a well centered strike and is nicely toned. The coin is much better than the scan suggests. The coin does show a some wear at the center of the reverse. Other than that the coin is problem free and is very nice. Please see photo for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e During the reign of al-Mustansir 427-487 AH (1036-1094 AD) and continuing through the times of al-Amer 495-524 AH (1101-1130 AD ), the European crusaders occupying Palestine were issuing counterfeit gold dinars, which looked like al-Mustansir's and al-Amer’s dinars. These dinars were made of gold but were of lower weight, which resulted in compromising the international gold standard based in Egypt at the time.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":782397549,"sku":"","price":1300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/CRU004.jpeg?v=1571438770"},{"product_id":"cairo-egypt-ayyubid-gold-coin-al-kamil-muhammad-dinar-632-ah-1235-ad","title":"Cairo Egypt Ayyubid Gold Coin Al-Kamil Muhammad Dinar 632 AH \/ 1235 AD","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A heavy gold dinar from Al-Kamil Muhammad, the Ayyubid Sultan who ruled Egypt and Syria in the period 615-635 AH (1218 - 1238 AD). Al-Kamil Muhammad is the fifth sultan of the Ayyubid dynasty. He ascended the throne upon the death of Al-Adil Abu Bakr I. His full name being, Al- Kamil Nasr al-dinAbu al-Ma'ali Muhammad I Ibn al-Adil I. The coin cites al-Mansur abu Jafar al-Mustansir Billah as the Khalif (Amir Al Mu'aminin). All Kamil or Al Kamel Muhammad is the first Arab Ruler to use Naskhi Calligraphy in coins starting in 624 AH. Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 632 AH or 1235 AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Al Qahira, current day Cairo the capital of Egypt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dinar, weighs ~5.5 grams, which is rather heavy for these dinars, and is 21.5 mm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #811 and is Number 379 in Balog. It is listed in Lane Poole's Catalog of the Khedivial Collection as 1402.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a nice very fine or much better. Note some signs of slight double striking especially on the obverse. Please note the coin itself is much better than the scan shows with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Ayyubids were one of the great Islamic dynasties. The dynasty was founded by al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf I (Saladin) in AH 564\/1169 AD and ruled in Egypt and Syria until falling to the Mamluks in the mid 7th century AH. The Ayyubids are of Kurdish origins. Saladin and his brother Shirquah were recruited among others by the Zangid Nur Al-Din. Shirquah gained control over Egypt from the Fatimids, and died almost immediately, leaving his nephew Salah El-Din Ibn Ayyub as his successor and soon was recognized by his troops. Saladin (probably the most respected figure of the middle ages by both friends and foes) was the real founder of the Dynasty. With his victory at Hittin in 583 AH\/ 1187 AD, the holy city of Jerusalem was liberated from the crusaders and great event in Muslim history. He extinguished the last Fatimids of Egypt and replaced the Isma’ili Shiism by a strongly Orthodox Sunni religious and educational policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Kamel Mohammad was the nephew of Saladin. His father is Al-Adil I, Saladin’s brother. The most important and significant historical event of his rule is the treaty he signed in Gaza with the Crusaders in 1226 AD. Frederick II Hohenstaufen under pressure by the Pope in Rome and threatened to be excommunicated, was to lead an expedition to free Jerusalem by force. For his part Al-Kamel, threatened by rebellious relatives in his Syrian territories, was neither willing nor able to defend Jerusalem. He finally signed the treaty giving the crusaders access to the holy city and one or two other towns including Nazareth. One point of view suggests the summit at Gaza was a remarkable diplomatic achievement where the two superpowers avoided bloodshed and came to a peaceful resolution of a conflict. Another point of view suggests Al-Kamel simply and easily surrendered Jerusalem which just a generation ago was liberated by his uncle.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Cairo Egypt Ayyubid Gold Coin Al-Kamil Muhammad Dinar 632 AH \/ 1235 AD","offer_id":782434605,"sku":"","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/AYB010.jpeg?v=1571438770"},{"product_id":"egypt-ayyubid-gold-coin-cairo-mint-al-aizi-uthman-dinar-590-ah-1194ad-vf","title":"Egypt Ayyubid Gold Coin Cairo Mint Al-Aziz Uthman Dinar 590 AH \/ 1194AD VF+","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e  Nice and heavy gold dinar from Al-'Aziz Uthman or Othman, the Ayyubid Sultan who ruled Egypt and Syria in the period 589-595 AH (1193 - 1198 AD). Al-'Aziz Uthman is the second sultan of the Ayyubid dynasty. He ascended the throne upon the death of his father Al-Nasir Salah Al-Din Yusuf I (Saladin). His full name being, Al-'Aziz 'Imad Al-Din Abu Al-Fath 'Uthman Ibn Yusuf. Both the mint name as well as the date f minting are clearly legible on the reverse. Please carefully review the scan presented as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin was minted in 590 AH or 1194 AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e al-Qahira, current day Cairo the capital of Egypt at the time and today.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dinar, weighs ~4.52 grams and is ~20 mm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #794, it is listed in Balog as 185, and is listed as 1345 in Lane Poole's Catalog of the Khedivial Collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good very fine or better. IT has clear, very well defined and legible calligraphy with both the mint date and the mint name being clear. Please note the coin itself is much better than the scan shows with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Prespective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Ayyubids were one of the great Islamic dynasties. The dynasty was founded by al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf I (Saladin) in AH 564\/1169 AD and ruled in Egypt and Syria until falling to the Mamluks in the mid 7th century AH. The Ayyubids are of Kurdish origins. Saladin and his brother Shirquah were recruited among others by the Zangid Nur Al-Din. Shirquah gained control over Egypt from the fatimids, and died almost immediately, leaving his nephew Salah El-Din Ibn Ayyub as his successor and soon was recognized by his troops. Saladin (probably the most respected figure of the middle ages by both friends and foes) was the real founder of the Dynasty. With his victory at Hittin in 583 AH\/ 1187 AD, the holy city of Jerusalem was liberated from the crusaders and great event in Muslim history. He extinguished the last Fatimids of Egypt and replaced the Isma’ili Shiism by a strongly Orthodox Sunni religious and educational policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-'Aziz Uthman was the son of Salah al-Din (Saladin). He ruled for about 10 years and issued gold coins, which continued to look like the Fatimid Dinars.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Egypt Ayyubid Gold Coin Cairo Mint Al-Aizi Uthman Dinar 590 AH \/ 1194AD VF+","offer_id":782445341,"sku":"","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/AYB014.jpeg?v=1571438770"},{"product_id":"cairo-egypt-gold-coin-ottoman-sultani-974ah-1566-ad-selim-ii-son-of-suleyman-the-magnificent-vf","title":"Cairo Egypt Gold Coin Ottoman Sultani 974AH - 1566 AD Selim II Son Of Suleyman The Magnificent - VF+","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e  Gold Sultani coin struck in Misr current day Fustat, which is a neighborhood on the outskirts of Cairo the current capital of Egypt. The coin was struck during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Selim II son of Suleyman the first or the magnificent (also referred to as al-Kanuni-the law giver) who ascended the throne in 1566 AD (974 AH). The coin was struck in the period 1566-1574 AD (974-982 AH). The coin clearly shows the date as 974 AH. The year 974 AH is Selim's accession date to the throne. Ottoman coins at that time used such a date for most coins struck during a sultan's reign and did not have the actual year of striking indicated. It also clearly shows the mint as Misr current day Cairo Egypt. The obverse of the coin has the words \"Sultan Selim ibn Suleyman Khan Ezat Nasruh Duriba Fee Misr Sanat 974\" (literally translated as The Sultan Selim son of Suleyman khan, may his glory be holy, struck in Egypt in the year 974). The reverse reads \"Darib al-Nadr Sahib al-Ezz wa al-Nasr fee al-Bar wa al-Bahr.\" The coin has a beautiful, bold and has a well centered strike and displays nice calligraphy. the coin has minor areas of strike weakness which can be seen in the scan. Please carefully review the scan presented as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Marked 974 AH or 1566 AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cairo, Egypt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a sultani, weighs 3.442 grams and is about 20 mm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album 1324, is listed in Kazan as 770, listed in Mitchiner as 1257 and is listed in Lane Poole's Catalog of the Khedivial Collection as 1650-1652.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as beautiful good very fine with some areas of strike weakness but still having a well centered, bold strike. The calligraphy is very readable and is all there.  This is a quality coin worthy of a spot in your Islamic coin collection. Please see photo to appreciate the quality and condition of this beautiful coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unlike prior Islamic coins struck in Egypt, Ottoman coins do not have long praying sentences. They contain the name of the Sultan and his father's, name of the mint, the accession date for the Sultan, and a short wishful sentence such as \"khullide mulkehu (may his rule be permanent)\" or \"azzet nasrehu (may his glory be holy)\".\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ottoman Empire existed from 699 AH (1300 AD) till 1341AH (1924 AD). In the beginning, the Ottoman state struck only silver coins known as Akce until the reign of Muhammad II (Mehmet the conqueror). On May 29, 1453, Mehmet II conquered Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire. He made it the capital of the Ottoman State and called in Konstantiniye or Qustantinya (current day Istanbul). In 1478 he began striking Gold coins known as Sultani (also known as Dinar, Ashrafi, Funduk, or Altin). He based it on the Venetian ducat standard of 3.5 gram of high purity gold  (over 21K).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt was conquered by Selim I in 1517 AD (921 AH) and the mamluk rule was ended. Selim I, began striking coins in Cairo and used the mint name \"MISR\" on the coins. Although the Ottoman were the official rulers of Egypt the mamluks still wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ottoman empire reached the height of its power under Sulayman I the Magnificent, with territory extending across north Africa and through the Balkans into Hungary. Coins were struck in more than forty mints spread throughout the empire. Sulayman was distinguished for his justice and tolerance. His military, educational, and legal reforms earned him the name Sulayman the Lawgiver (al-Kanuni) among Muslims. He was fond of pomp and splendor and was a lavish patron of the arts and of literature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe later years of Sulayman's reign were marred by family disputes over the succession. His favorite wife, Roxelana (or Khurema) intrigued against his eldest son, Mustafa, on behalf of her two sons, Selim and Beyazid. Mustafa built up his own faction, which seemed a threat to Sulayman. In 1553, Sulayman had him executed. Upon Roxelana's death, Selim and Beyazid quarreled. Beyazid rose in revolt, met defeat, and fled to Persia. The shah of Persia was induced to return him for a large sum, and Beyazid was executed. Selim succeeded Sulayman as Selim II. He was the first Sultan devoid of active military interest and willing to abandon power to his ministers, provided he was left free to pursue his orgies and debauches. Therefore, he became known as Selim the Drunkard.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":782646893,"sku":"","price":599.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/OTM063.jpeg?v=1571438770"},{"product_id":"ayyubid-bronze-ae-coin-beautiful-dirham-without-mint-name-known-to-be-mayyafariqin-mint-al-ashraf-musa-612-ah-1215-ad-f","title":"Ayyubid Bronze (AE) Coin Beautiful Dirham Without Mint Name Known to be Mayyafariqin Mint Al-Ashraf Musa 612 AH \/ 1215 AD F+","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription: \u003c\/strong\u003e  Nice and heavy Bronze AE dirham from Al-Ashraf Musa, Ayyubid ruler from the Mayyafariqin \u0026amp; Sinjar branch. Al-Ashraf Musa ruled in the period 607-617 AH (1210 - 1220 AD). His full name being, Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Abu al-Fath Musa ibn Al-Adil I. The coin shows a turbaned prince seated with the right leg drawn up and holding an orb in right hand with his left hand on his hip on the obverse. The obverse shows the words al Malik al-Ashraf and the rest is not legible and shows the date as 621 AH. The reverse shows a triangular shield with convex side and what looks like ears composed of a plain line in a dotted line with writing around it and within it. The legend around the shield should read \"Al malik al-Adil Saiff al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub\" I can see \"Saiff al-Din \" and the rest is worn out. The coin has extensive wear but the date is still discernible. The coin does not show the mint but is known to have been minted in Mayyafaiqin in modern day Turkey. Both the design and the date are indication of al-Ashraf's era. Please carefully review the scan presented as it is part and parcel of our description. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate: \u003c\/strong\u003e The coin was minted in 612 AH or 1215 AD.  Mint:  Mayyafariqin in current day Turkey.  Size and weight:  This is a dirham, weighs ~11.0 grams and is ~29.5 mm in diameter.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences: \u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #859.1 and is listed in Balog as 849. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition: \u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good fine or better. It has a very well defined figure on the obverse and the date is readable. Most of the legend on the obverse is worn out but the name al-Ashraf can be discerned. The legends on the reverse are worn out but can be deduced. The coin has pitting, losses, and staining, which can be seen in the scan. Please note the coin itself is better than the scan shows with very well defined figure and partially legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please see scan for additional condition information. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Prespective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Ayyubids were one of the great Islamic dynasties. The dynasty was founded by al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf I (Saladin) in AH 564\/1169 AD and ruled in Egypt and Syria until falling to the Mamluks in the mid 7th century AH. The Ayyubids are of Kurdish origins. Saladin and his brother Shirquah were recruited among others by the Zangid Nur Al-Din. Shirquah gained control over Egypt from the fatimids, and died almost immediately, leaving his nephew Salah El-Din Ibn Ayyub as his successor and soon was recognized by his troops. Saladin (probably the most respected figure of the middle ages by both friends and foes) was the real founder of the Dynasty. With his victory at Hittin in 583 AH\/ 1187 AD, the holy city of Jerusalem was liberated from the crusaders and great event in Muslim history. He extinguished the last Fatimids of Egypt and replaced the Isma’ili Shiism by a strongly Orthodox Sunni religious and educational policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Adil Abu Bakr I was the younger brother of Salah al-Din (Saladin). He ruled after the direct descendants of Saladin completed their rule and died. He was succeeded by his son al-Kamil Mohammad. He was governor of parts of Syria and Turkey for a period of 6 years then became the Sultan of Egypt and Syria and ruled for 19  years.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Ayyubid Bronze (AE) Coin Beautiful Dirham Without Mint Name Known to be Mayyafariqin Mint Al-Ashraf Musa 612 AH \/ 1215 AD F+","offer_id":817233553,"sku":"","price":79.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/AYB021.jpeg?v=1571438782"},{"product_id":"bronze-coin-1932-ad-1351-ah-egyptian-ngc-ms-63-rb-half-of-one-millieme-king-fouad-i","title":"Bronze Coin 1932 AD 1351 AH Egyptian NGC MS 63 RB Half of One Millieme King Fouad I","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:   \u003c\/strong\u003e An great looking red brown mint state uncirculated 1351 AH or 1932 AD Egyptian half of one millieme (half of a tenth of a Piaster or Qirsh) bronze coin. The coin is graded by the Numismatic Guarantee Corporation as Mint State or MS 64 RB and comes in a plastic slab. The coin depicts the uniformed bust of king Fuad or Fouad the first facing left and wearing a fez on the obverse. The reverse has the denomination, the AH and the AD dates and saying \"al-mamlakah al masryah\" or the Egyptian Kingdom.  The coin is beautiful and still retains much of its original red coloring and some of its original luster. Coins of such small denomination are rare since they were normally used extensively. Finding one that is at such high grade is just a rare event and represents an opportunity to the advanced collector. Please carefully view scan presented as it is part and  parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:  \u003c\/strong\u003e 1932. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:  \u003c\/strong\u003e Egypt (actually these were minted in Birmingham England and has the mint mark H between the dates in the top of the reverse). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and weight:  \u003c\/strong\u003e This is  1\/2 a Millieme or 1\/20 of a Qirsh. It weighs ~3.4 gm and measures ~20 mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences: \u003c\/strong\u003e  It is KM #343. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:  \u003c\/strong\u003e The coin is graded by CNG as MS63 RB and retains some of its original some luster and red coloring. The coin has all its details with no observable weae and is very well preserved. The coin has great eye appeal. It is much better than the scan shows. Please see photo for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":846778201,"sku":"","price":139.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/EGC408a.jpeg?v=1571438784"},{"product_id":"catalogue-of-the-collection-of-arabic-coins-preserved-in-the-khedivial-library-in-cairo-by-stanley-lane-poole","title":"Catalogue Of The Collection Of ARABIC COINS Preserved In The Khedivial Library In Cairo By Stanley Lane-Poole","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e  A \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBRAND NEW COPY \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof the book by Stanley Lane-Poole entitled “Catalogue of the Collection of Arabic Coins Preserved in The Khedivial Library in Cairo.\" The book is a paperback and is written in English with many notations in Arabic. It was published by Al - Arab Bookshop in Cairo, Egypt. It has 384 pages and comes with a smaller booklet containing 32 plates showing photos of the coins in the Khedivial collection in black and white. The quality of the photos leaves a lot to be desired and no wonder most people who have this book do not have the photo booklet, but we are selling both for the price of one.  \u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is an out-of-print book, published in 1984, and is an indispensable reference for the serious collector of Islamic coins.\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContent: \u003c\/strong\u003e The book lists over 1300 coins contained in this most comprehensive collection of Islamic coins residing in the Egyptian Library in Cairo Egypt. All Islamic dynasties which ruled Egypt at one time or an other are represented in this collection including the Umayyad (Omayyad), Abbassid (Abassid), Aghlabids, Tulunids, Ikhshidid, Fatimids, Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottomans and many others. \u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e  It is in excellent condition and has \u003cstrong\u003enever been opened.\u003c\/strong\u003e   This is not a used book but is a \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNEW BOOK.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003eAll pages are clean and the book is free of markings, tears, dog ears or damage.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":876611773,"sku":"","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/ArabicCoinsLanePoole1.jpeg?v=1571438784"},{"product_id":"rare-roman-republic-silver-denarius-m-aemilius-scaurus-and-pub-plautius-hypsaeus-rome-mint-58-bc-vf-for-your-roman-coin-collection","title":"Rare Roman Republic Silver Denarius M. Aemilius Scaurus and Pub. Plautius Hypsaeus Rome Mint 58 BC VF+","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e An interesting Roman coin for sale that admittedly is out of our area of expertise.  However, we were fortunate enough to secure a few interesting Roman coins at a recent estate auction and will be selling them over the next few weeks.  This is a very fine Roman republic M. Aemilius Scaurus and Pub. Plautius Hypsaeus. 58 BC AR denarius (4.07 gm and 18.5 mm diameter) from the Rome mint. The obverse of the coin depicts King Aretas of Nabataea kneeling right beside saddled dromedary camel with his cape billowing behind. He is holding the reins in his left hand and offering filleted olive branch with his right hand. There is the legend [M SC]AVR AED CVR in two lines above him and REX ARETAS in exergue. [EJ]X - SC in the field surrounding the image with a dotted border. The reverse shows Jupiter brandishing a thunderbolt in right hand, while riding a quadriga facing left and a scorpion in front of the horses with the legend [P HVP]SAE AED CVR in two lines above the image and the legend CHVPSAE COS PREIVE in two lines below. Finally the reverse also has the legend CAPTV on the right of the image and a dotted border. This is a great coin that displays dark toning and hence it was very difficult to scan to show its beauty and hence the multiple scans. The coin looks much better than the scans suggest. Please carefully review the photos as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 58 BC.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rome mint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e Weighs 4.07 grams and is 18.5 mm diameter. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e RCV 379; Crawford 422\/1b; Sydenham 913; Aemilia 8 Provenance:Ex Freeman \u0026amp; Sear Mail Bid Sale 15, June 27, 2008 Lot 276, ex Albert M. Potts Collection, ex Munzen und Medaillen List 136 July 1954 Lot 212.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade the coin as a nice very fine with dark toning and having all its details well preserved. The dark toning made it difficult to scan the coin and hence the multiple scans presented. The coin is much better than the scan suggest. It has some minor scratches as well as dark spots to the surface. The coins also has wear commensurate with its age and circulated status. A beautiful and definitely a quality coin with very nice eye appeal. Please see photo for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":897716093,"sku":"","price":479.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/ROMA01.jpeg?v=1571438784"},{"product_id":"rare-roman-republic-silver-serratus-denarius-l-roscius-fabatus-rome-mint-59-bc-vf","title":"Rare Roman Republic Silver Serratus Denarius L. Roscius Fabatus Rome Mint 59 BC VF+","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e  This is a good very fine Roman republic L. Roscius Fabatus Ca. 59 BC AR denarius serratus (3.73 gm and ~16.8 mm diameter) from the Rome mint. The obverse of the coin depicts the head of Juno Sospita clad in goat's skin headdress and facing right. There is a control symbol (modius) displayed behind the head and the legend L ROSCI below it. The reverse shows a maiden standing and facing right while feeding from her dress an erect serpent left and having a control symbol (modius with measure) behind her and the legend FABATI in exergue. The coin has an old scratch in the obverse right field. This is a great coin that is lightly toned and was relatively difficult to scan to show its beauty and hence the multiple scans. The coin looks much better than the scans suggest. Please carefully review the photos as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Circa. 59 BC. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rome mint. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e Weighs ~3.73 grams and is ~16.8 mm diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e RCV 363; Crawford 412\/1; Sydenham 915; Roscia 3. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ex Freeman \u0026amp; Sear Mail Bid Sale 15, June 27, 2008 Lot 275, ex Albert M. Potts Collection, ex Lepczyk Sale 50, 27November 1982 Lot 1262. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade the coin as a good very fine with light toning and having all its details well preserved. The light toning made it a bit difficult to scan the coin and hence the multiple scans presented. The coin is much better than the scan suggest. It has one old scratch on the obverse within the right field starting under Juno's chin and extending to the edge. The coin also has some soiling within the image on the obverse. Other than that the has typical wear commensurate with its age and circulated state. This is a beautiful and definitely a nice quality coin with very nice eye appeal worthy of a spot in your Roman Republic coin collection. Please see photo for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":951405773,"sku":"","price":474.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/ROMA02.jpeg?v=1571438784"},{"product_id":"ayyubid-bronze-ae-coin-beautiful-dirham-sinjar-mint-al-ashraf-i-muzaffar-al-din-musa-617-ah-1220-ad-f","title":"Ayyubid Bronze (AE) Coin Beautiful Dirham Sinjar Mint al-Ashraf I Muzaffar al-Din Musa 617 AH \/ 1220 AD F++","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Nice and heavy Bronze AE dirham from al-Ashraf Musa, Ayyubid ruler from the Mayyafariqin \u0026amp; Sinjar branch. Al-Ashraf Musa ruled in the period 607-617 AH (1210 - 1220 AD). His full name being, Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Abu al-Fath Musa ibn Al-Adil I. The coin shows a turbaned prince seated with the right leg drawn up and holding an orb in left hand with his right hand on his hip on the obverse. The obverse also shows the words al Malik al-Ashraf and the rest is not legible and shows the date as 617 AH with the word Sinjar before the date all surrounding the sitting prince. The reverse shows a square with a legend within. The legend says \"al-Imam al-Naser L'din Allah Amir al-Muaminin al-malik al-Kamel Mohammad.\" The coin has extensive wear but the date and mint are still discernible as is the legend on the reverse. Both the design and the date are indication of al-Ashraf's era. Please carefully review the scan presented as it is part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin was minted in 617 AH or 1220 AD the last year of al-Ashraf's reign. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sinjar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dirham, weighs ~10.3 grams and is ~23.5 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #859.2 and listed in Balog as 854. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good fine or much better. It has a very well defined figure on the obverse and the date as well as the mint are readable. Additionally, the legend on the obverse is very readable. The coin has a beautiful earthen green and brown patina. Please note the coin itself is better than the scan shows with very well defined figure and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please see scan for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Prespective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Ayyubids were one of the great Islamic dynasties. The dynasty was founded by al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf I (Saladin) in AH 564\/1169 AD and ruled in Egypt and Syria until falling to the Mamluks in the mid 7th century AH. The Ayyubids are of Kurdish origins. Saladin and his brother Shirquah were recruited among others by the Zangid Nur Al-Din. Shirquah gained control over Egypt from the fatimids, and died almost immediately, leaving his nephew Salah El-Din Ibn Ayyub as his successor and soon was recognized by his troops. Saladin (probably the most respected figure of the middle ages by both friends and foes) was the real founder of the Dynasty. With his victory at Hittin in 583 AH\/ 1187 AD, the holy city of Jerusalem was liberated from the crusaders and great event in Muslim history. He extinguished the last Fatimids of Egypt and replaced the Isma’ili Shiism by a strongly Orthodox Sunni religious and educational policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Adil Abu Bakr I was the younger brother of Salah al-Din (Saladin). He ruled after the direct descendants of Saladin completed their rule and died. He was succeeded by his son al-Kamil Mohammad. He was governor of parts of Syria and Turkey for a period of 6 years then became the Sultan of Egypt and Syria and ruled for 19 years.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":997636041,"sku":"","price":134.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/AYB025.jpeg?v=1571438785"},{"product_id":"egyptian-five-qirsh-ottoman-sultan-muhammad-v-scarce-silver-coin-1911-ad-1327-ah-year-4","title":"Egyptian Five Qirsh Ottoman Sultan Muhammad V Scarce Silver Coin 1911 AD 1327 AH year 4","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A nicely toned extremely fine or much much better silver coin from Egypt. This is the scarce five qirsh (low mintage of 1,351,000) coin from the reign of Muhammad V the Ottoman Sultan. The coin, which was struck late in 1911 came after the 1327 AH year 3 which was struck in early 1911 in a much higher mintage and as such is scarce. The coin shows the sultan's tughra, a rose to the right and above the tughra and the denomination below it all surrounded by a floral design. There are also 7 stars above the tughra along the edge, again on the obverse. The reverse says Duribah Fi Misr (struck in Egypt) with the number 4 for the 4th year of Muhammad V's reign over the letter \"Beh\" on top and three stars above it all. There is also Muhammad V accession year of 1327 AH below it, all surrounded by a floral and foliate design along the edge. It is KM 308 measuring approximately 26 mm in diameter and weighing about 7 grams of 0.833 Silver. The coin has a reeded rim. Please carefully view scan as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1911A AD - 1327 AH year 4 of Mohammad V's reign. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Egypt, actually these were struck in Birmingham England as evidenced by the \"H\" in the bottom of the obverse. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a 5 Qirsh and is ~26 mm in diameter and weighs ~7 grams. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is KM #308. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good extremely fine or much much better with all the details being very well preserved. The coin is nicely toned (mostly along the edges) and retains some of its original mint luster (mostly in the center). The coin has minor wear to the higher point, which can be seen in the scan. This wear is commensurate with the coin's age and circulated state. The coin also has scratches and minor bag marks. The coin has nice eye appeal. It is much better than the scan shows. Please see photo for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1018624005,"sku":"","price":99.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/EGC458.jpeg?v=1571438786"},{"product_id":"beautiful-umayyad-gold-dinar-al-walid-ibn-abdel-malik-91-ah-710-ad","title":"Beautiful Umayyad Gold Dinar Al-Walid ibn Abdel Malik 91 AH 710 AD","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Umayyad Gold Dinar struck in 91 AH (710 AD) during the reign of the Caliph al-Walid Ibn Abd al-Malik. Al-Walid I ruled the Islamic world in the period 86-96 AH (705-715 AD). His father Abd al-Malik is the Umayyad Caliph responsible for the reformed coinage in the Islamic world. Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Struck 91 AH or 710 AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Not mentioned on the coin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a gold dinar, weighs ~4.2 grams and is ~19. mm in diameter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album 127, Bernardi 43, Walker 202, and is listed in Lane Poole Catalogue of the Collection of Arabic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Library in Cairo Egypt as number 15.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good very fine with a well centered strike and beautiful Calligraphy. The coin has a few scratches, there is a prominent scratch on the obverse on and above the word \"Ella\" on the top line and on the reverse below the word \"Ahaad\" again on the top line. These are minor and can be seen in the scan. The coin also has a minor ding to the rim at 5 O'clock on the obverse. Other than that is problem free and looks much better than the scan shows. It is just great looking coin. Please see photo to confirm grade and to appreciate the quality as well as the condition of this beautiful coin. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Muslim Arabs used existing gold and silver coinage in lands they conquered. At that time the nascent Islamic nation did not have a monetary system and did not strike neither gold nor silver coins, instead the conquering Arabs used the Byzantine monetary system already existing in Egypt for most of the gold coins and the Sassanian monetary system already existing in Iran for most silver coins with minor modifications. In 77 AH (699 AD) Abd al-Malik Ibn Marwan the Umayyad caliph instituted a monetary system and began striking the first Islamic coins including the gold Dinar. The dinar weighed 4.25 grams, or one mithqal, of the highest purity gold possible. At the time the center of power and the main gold coin mint was located in Dimishq (current day Damascus in Syria).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1073574341,"sku":"","price":1477.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/UMM033.jpeg?v=1571438786"},{"product_id":"uncommon-umayyad-silver-dirham-al-walid-ibn-abdel-malik-95-ah-714-ad-darabjir-mint","title":"Uncommon Umayyad Silver Dirham al-Walid ibn Abdel Malik 95 AH 714 AD Darabjir Mint","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A beautiful very fine or better Umayyad silver dirham struck in 95 AH (714 AD) during the reign of the Caliph al-Walid son of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. Al-Walid ruled the Islamic world in the period 86-96 AH (705-715 AD). Al-Walid's father Abd al-Malik is the Umayyad Caliph responsible for the reformed coinage in the Islamic world. This beautiful coin clearly shows the mint location being Darabjird and the year of minting being 95 AH. This is a nice coin that is nicely dark toned. The coin has a pleasing appearance and looks much better in reality. Please carefully review the scans presented as it is part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Struck 95 AH or 714 AD. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin clearly shows mint location being Darabjird. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~2.9 grams and is ~25.5 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album 128, is listed in Lane Poole Catalogue of the Collection of Arabic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Library in Cairo Egypt as #93, and is listed in al-Ush as 758. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a very fine with a good and well centered strike having beautiful Calligraphy. The coin shows soiling on both the obverse and the reverse, which can be seen in the scan. The coin is much better than the scan shows. The coin also has some scratches and bag marks all of which can be seen in the photos. Other than that the coin is problem free and looks much better than the scan shows. It is a nice looking coin. Please see photo for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Muslim Arabs used existing gold and silver coinage in lands they conquered. At that time the nascent Islamic nation did not have a monetary system and did not strike neither gold nor silver coins, instead the conquering Arabs used the Byzantine monetary system already existing in Egypt for most of the gold coins and the Sassanian monetary system already existing in Iran for most silver coins with minor modifications. In 77 AH (699 AD) Abd al-Malik Ibn Marwan the Umayyad caliph instituted a monetary system and began striking the first Islamic coins including the gold Dinar and silver dirham. The dinar weighed 4.25 grams, or one mithqal, of the highest purity gold possible. The dirham weighed about 2.85 of the purest possible silver composition, which would maintain a solid coin. At the time the center of power and the main gold coin mint was located in Dimishq (current day Damascus in Syria), while silver coins were minted throughout the Muslim empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":4320094721,"sku":"","price":64.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/UMM043.jpeg?v=1571438788"},{"product_id":"rare-very-fine-fatimid-gold-coin-al-amir-or-al-amer-dinar-518-ah-al-muizziya-al-qahira","title":"Rare Very Fine Fatimid Gold Coin Al-Amir or Al-Amer Dinar 518 AH Al-Muizziya Al-Qahira","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gold dinar from Al-Amer bi-Ahkam Allah, also referred to as al-Imam al-Mansur, the Fatimid Caliph who ruled the Muslim empire in the period 495-524 AH (1101 - 1130 AD). Al-Amer is the twelfth caliph of the Fatimid dynasty. His full name being, Abu Ali al-Mansur al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah. Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e  The coin shows the date of minting as 518 AH (1124 AD).  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin shows the mint as al-Muizziya al-Qahira which can be interpreted as Beloved Cairo or Cairo of al-Mu'izz, the caliph who founded the city of Cairo, Egypt. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dinar, weighs ~4.22 grams and is ~20.5 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #729 and it is not listed in Lane Poole's Catalog of the Khedivial Collection. It is Nicol 2559. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a very fine with nice and well centered strike. The coin retains much of its original mint luster. It has beautiful calligraphy and a well centered strike. This coin is much better than the scan shows with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Fatimid Caliphate is a Shi'a dynasty that ruled over the Islamic world of mostly North Africa from 5 January 910 to 1171. The ruling elite of the state belonged to the Ismaili branch of Shi'ism. They are also part of the chain of holders of the office of Caliph, as recognized by most Muslims, the only period in which the Shia Imamate and the Caliphate were united to any degree, excepting the Caliphate of Ali himself. The Fatimids were reputed to exercise a degree of religious tolerance towards non-Ismaili sects of Islam as well as towards Jews and Coptic Christians. The Fatimids had their origins in Ifriqiya (modern- day Tunisia and eastern Algeria) but after the conquest of Egypt about 970 AD, they built the City of Cairo and used it as their Capital. Abu Ali Al-Mansur Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah reigned in the period of 386-411 AH. His rule was rather capricious punctuated by intermittent periods of persecution of the Christians and the prohibition of Mulkhia, a favorite green soup of the Egyptian populace. He disappeared on 27 Shawwal 411AH or 13 February 1021 and was never found again. It is not certain what happened to him. The dynasty was founded in 296 AH (909 AD) by Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, who legitimized his claim through descent from Muhammad by way of his daughter Fatima as-Zahra and her husband Ali ibn-Abi-Talib, the first Shi'a Imam, hence the name al-Fatimiyyen \"Fatimid\". Abdullah al-Mahdi's control soon extended over all of central Maghreb, an area consisting of the modern countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, which he ruled from Mahdia, his newly-built capital in Tunisia. The Fatimids (Abu Tamim Ma'add al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah) entered Egypt in 358 AH (969AD) , conquering the Ikhshidid dynasty. Eventually they founded a new capital at al-Qahirat \"The Subduer\" (modern Cairo) - a reference to the appearance of the planet Mars. They continued to conquer the surrounding areas until they ruled from Tunisia to Syria and even crossed over into Sicily and southern Italy. Under the Fatimids, Egypt became the center of an empire that included at its peak North Africa, Sicily, Palestine, Syria, the Red Sea coast of Africa, Yemen and the Hejaz. Under the Fatimids, Egypt flourished and developed an extensive trade network in both the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean (establishing trade and diplomatic ties all the way to China under the Song Dynasty), which eventually determined the economic course of Egypt during the High Middle Ages. After the decay of the Fatimid political system in the 1160s, the Zengid ruler Nur ad-Din had his general, Saladin, seize Egypt in 1169, forming the Sunni Ayyubid Dynasty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":10671698689,"sku":"","price":1650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/FAT062.jpeg?v=1571438789"},{"product_id":"umayyad-gold-dinar-al-walid-94-ah-713-ad-good-very-fine-or-better","title":"Umayyad Gold Dinar al-Walid 94 AH 713 AD Good Very Fine or Better","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Umayyad Gold Dinar struck in 94 AH (713 AD) during the reign of the Caliph al-Walid Ibn Abd al-Malik. Al-Walid ruled the Islamic world in the period 86-96 AH (705-715 AD). His father Abd al-Malik is the Umayyad Caliph responsible for the reformed coinage in the Islamic world. Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Struck 94 AH or 713 AD. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Not mentioned on the coin, but known to be Dimishq or Damascus in current day Syria. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a gold dinar, weighs ~4.2 grams and is ~19.5 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album 127, Bernardi 43, is listed in Lane Poole Catalogue of the Collection of Arabic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Library in Cairo Egypt as number 20 and is listed in Kazan as #19. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good very fine or better with a slightly off strike and some light double striking on the reverse. Be that as it may, the coin has beautiful and very readable Calligraphy. It does show minor wear but other than that it is problem free and looks much better than the scan shows. It is just great looking coin. Please see photo to appreciate the quality and condition of this beautiful coin. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Muslim Arabs used existing gold and silver coinage in lands they conquered. At that time the nascent Islamic nation did not have a monetary system and did not strike neither gold nor silver coins.  Instead the conquering Arabs used the Byzantine monetary system already existing in Egypt for most of the gold coins and the Sassanian monetary system already existing in Iran for most silver coins with minor modifications. In 77 AH (699 AD) Abd al-Malik Ibn Marwan the Umayyad caliph instituted a monetary system and began striking the first Islamic coins including the gold Dinar. The dinar weighed 4.25 grams, or one mithqal, of the highest purity gold possible. At the time the center of power and the main gold coin mint was located in Dimishq (current day Damascus in Syria).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":11276416961,"sku":"","price":1197.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/UMM036.jpeg?v=1571438789"},{"product_id":"iran-salghurids-gold-coin-atabegs-of-fars-queen-abish-bint-saad-1265-1285-ad-xf","title":"Iran Salghurids Gold Coin Atabegs of Fars Queen Abish bint Sa'ad 1265 - 1285 AD XF+","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gold dinar from the times of Queen Abish Khatun bint Sa'ad. Abish was the queen of the Salghurids, who were based in Shiraz in current day Iran. She ruled in the period 663-684 AH\/ 1265-1285 AD. The name Sa'ad is evident on the bottom of the obverse under the Kalima, indicating the coin to have been issued by Abish Bint (daughter of) Sa'ad. The reverse is in Arabic letters, but turkoman language, has the words \" Ka'an; Bad shah; Alem ilkhan; Al a'azam; Abaqa Khalad; Mulkauh\" with beautiful arabesque decoration on either side of the inscription. Just a great looking rare coin of uncompromised quality. Please carefully review the scan presented as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e The date of minting is off the flan. However, the use of the word Abaqa suggests the coin was minted in the period 665-680AH. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mint is off flan, however, it is most likely Dar al-Mulk in Shiraz in current day Iran. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dinar, weighs ~3.9 grams and is ~23 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #1928.1 and identified as being R (rare). William Kazan's has a similar coin listed for the year 683 AH but having a different legend on the reverse. Condition: I would grade this coin as a extremely fine or much better. The coin has beautiful calligraphy but an off center strike on the obverse. This coin is much better than the scan shows with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please view scans for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Salghurids are a Turcoman dynasty derived from the Salghur or Salur clan. Originally they were in the service of the Great Seljuqs. In 543Ah (1148 AD) after the death of Boz-Aba, Senqur established himself as an independent ruler in Shiraz. The Salghurids were vassals to the great Mongol Khans and later to Hulagu as well as his descendents. To strengthen their ties with the Mongols, the then princess Abiish Khatun daughter of Sa'ad II married Hulegu's son Menguu Temur and eventually ruled jointly with him from Shiraz as Mongol vassal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":17254197505,"sku":"","price":777.77,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/SAL005.jpeg?v=1571438790"},{"product_id":"cairo-egypt-gold-coin-ottoman-zeri-mahbub-or-beloved-gold-ah-1143-xxvi-ad-1730-mahmud-i-bu-1","title":"Cairo Egypt Gold Coin Ottoman Zeri Mahbub or Beloved Gold AH 1143 xxvi - AD 1730 Mahmud I - BU","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gold Zeri Mahbub (Beloved Gold) coin struck in Egypt during the reign of Mahmud I who ascended the throne in 1740 AD (1143 AH). The coin was struck in the period 1730-1754 AD (1143-1168 AH). The coin shows the date clearly as 1143 AH, which is Mahmud's accession date to the throne. Ottoman coins at that time used such a date for most coins struck during a sultan's reign and did not have the actual year of striking indicated. It also clearly shows the mint as Misr current day Fustat on the outskirt of Cairo the current capital of Egypt. The obverse of the coin has Mahmud's Toughra and the words \"Ezat Nasruh Duriba Fee Misr Sanat 1143\" and has a grape between two arrows to the right of toughra, while the reverse reads \"Sultan al-Barain wa Khaqan al-Bahrain, al-Sultan Ibn al-Sultan.\" The coin has the initial letters \"ragib\" over the letter \"Noun\" in the word ibn on the reverse making it the AH 1143xxvi variant, which is rather scarce. The coin is brilliant uncirculated and is absolutely great looking with a well centered strike. Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Marked 1143 AH or 1730 AD. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Misr current day Fustat on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a zeri mahbub, weighs 2.6 grams and is about 20 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is KM 88 and is not listed in Kazan or in Lane Poole's Catalog of the Khedivial Collection. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as brilliant uncirculated or much better. Actually I would categorize the coin as being mint state, with its original mint luster and a well centered and bold strike with all the details being clear and very well readable. The coin is much better than the scan suggests. This is a quality coin of a scarce variety and very seldom seen in such beautiful state. Please see photo to appreciate the quality and condition of this beautiful coin. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unlike prior Islamic coins struck in Egypt, Ottoman coins do not have long praying sentences. They contain the name of the Sultan and his father's, name of the mint, the accession date for the Sultan, and a short wishful sentence such as \"khullide mulkehu (may his rule be permanent)\" or \"azzet nasrehu (may his glory be holy)\".\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ottoman Empire existed from 699 AH (1300 AD) till 1341AH (1924 AD). In the beginning, the Ottoman state struck only silver coins known as Akce until the reign of Muhammad II (Mehmet the conqueror). On May 29, 1453, Mehmet II conquered Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire. He made it the capital of the Ottoman State and called in Konstantiniye or Qustantinya (current day Istanbul). In 1478 he began striking Gold coins known as Sultani (also known as Dinar, Ashrafi, Funduk, or Altin). He based it on the Venetian ducat standard of 3.5 gram of high purity gold (over 21K). Egypt was conquered by Selim I in 1517 AD (921 AH) and the mamluk rule was ended. Selim I, began striking coins in Cairo and used the mint name \"MISR\" on the coins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the Ottoman were the official rulers of Egypt the mamluks still wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's. The obverse of the coin reads \"Al Sultan Suleyman, Ibn Selim Khan, azzet nasrehu, Duriba Fee Misr Sanat 926 (literally translated as The Sultan Suleyman son of sultan Selim khan, may his glory be holy, struck in Egypt in the year 926).\" The Ottoman empire reached the height of its power under Sulayman I the Magnificent, with territory extending across north Africa and through the Balkans into Hungary. Coins were struck in more than forty mints spread throughout the empire. Sulayman was distinguished for his justice and tolerance. His military, educational, and legal reforms earned him the name Sulayman the Lawgiver (al-Kanuni) among Muslims. He was fond of pomp and splendor and was a lavish patron of the arts and of literature. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":18479122945,"sku":"","price":599.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/OTM058_25f58d24-cdd3-496b-8e2e-e7a684defcf0.jpeg?v=1571438790"},{"product_id":"islamic-silver-coin-scarce-mamluk-dirham-743-746-ah-1342-1345-ad-al-salih-imad-al-din-ismail","title":"Islamic Silver Coin Scarce Mamluk Dirham 743-746 AH \/1342-1345 AD Al-Salih Imad Al-Din Isma'il","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A silver coin from the times of Isma'il (Al-Salih Imad Al-Din), who ruled Egypt and Syria during the period 743-746 AH (1342-1345 AD). Isma'il is from the Bahari Mamluk dynasty. This is a dirham weighing about 3.7 grams and measuring 18.5 millimeters in diameter. It is in generally very good condition with considerable wear, but still shows the name and title \"Al Sultan al-Malik Imad al-Donya wa al-Din Isma'il\" on the obverse. The reverse of the coin has the words \"La Illah Ela Allah Mohammad Rasul Allah\" with decoration above the words Rassul and Aallah that are similar to the ones shown for Balog #283. The coin does not show a date or place of minting. Please carefully review the scans presented as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Date off flan, struck in the period 743-746 AH (1342-1345 AD). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unknown as the place of minting is not evident on the coin but may be Halab or Aleppo if indeed the coin is similar to Balog 283. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~3.7 grams of silver and is ~18.5 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #933 (S), listed in Balog as 283?, and it is Wilkes 989. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a fine or better. The coin itself is much better than the scan shows with partially defined and legible calligraphy on both the obverse and reverse. The coin is a bit off round with misshapen edge. The coin shows considerable wear and has strike weakness or areas of flatness along the edges but is clean and shows the well defined name of Isma'il. This is normally more difficult coin to find, which would make a nice addition to your collection. Please see the photos for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine. The Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Kahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers of the Cairo Citadel are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":18482961025,"sku":"","price":74.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM062.jpeg?v=1571438791"},{"product_id":"umayyad-silver-dirham-al-walid-ibn-abdel-malik-90-ah-709-ad-dimashq-mint","title":"Umayyad Silver Dirham Al-Walid ibn Abdel Malik 90 AH 709 AD Dimashq Mint","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A beautiful good very fine or much better Umayyad silver dirham struck in 90 AH (709 AD) during the reign of the Caliph al-Walid son of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. Al-Walid ruled the Islamic world in the period 86-96 AH (705-715 AD). Al-Walid's father Abd al-Malik is the Umayyad Caliph responsible for the reformed coinage in the Islamic world. This beautiful coin clearly shows the mint location being Dimashq and the year of minting being 90 AH. The coin has a pleasing appearance and is much better than the scan suggest. The coin has a large flan with nice a very readable calligraphy. Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Struck 90 AH or 709 AD. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin clearly shows mint location being Dimashq. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~2.8 grams and is ~27 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album 128, listed in Al-Ush's Arab Islamic Coins Preserved in the National Museum of Qatar as #782,is listed in Lane Poole Catalogue of the Collection of Arabic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Library in Cairo Egypt as #106, and it is Wilkes 266. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good very fine or much better with a wonderful and well centered strike having beautiful Calligraphy. The coin, which has a relatively large flan, is nicely toned and is much better than the scan suggests. The coin is nicely toned, but also has some imbedded residue or dirt within the calligraphy, which can be seen in the photos. It also has general wear commensurate with the coin's age and circulated status, but the calligraphy is very readable and clear. The coin also has some minor surface scratches, bag marks, and large amounts of residue imbedded within the calligraphy on both sides. Other than that the coin is problem free, great looking, and is much better than the scan shows. Definitely a quality and beautiful coin. Please see photo for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Muslim Arabs used existing gold and silver coinage in lands they conquered. At that time the nascent Islamic nation did not have a monetary system and did not strike neither gold nor silver coins, instead the conquering Arabs used the Byzantine monetary system already existing in Egypt for most of the gold coins and the Sassanian monetary system already existing in Iran for most silver coins with minor modifications. In 77 AH (699 AD) Abd al-Malik Ibn Marwan the Umayyad caliph instituted a monetary system and began striking the first Islamic coins including the gold Dinar and silver dirham. The dinar weighed 4.25 grams, or one mithqal, of the highest purity gold possible. The dirham weighed about 2.85 of the purest possible silver composition, which would maintain a solid coin. At the time the center of power and the main gold coin mint was located in Dimishq (current day Damascus in Syria), while silver coins were minted throughout the Muslim empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":18483426497,"sku":"","price":54.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/UMM065.jpeg?v=1571438791"},{"product_id":"scarce-al-muhammadiya-mint-abbasid-silver-coin-al-rashid-dirham-178-ah-794-ad-nice-very-fine","title":"Scarce Al Muhammadiya Mint Abbasid Silver Coin Al-Rashid Dirham 178 AH \/ 794 AD Nice Very Fine","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Scarce silver Dirham from Al-Rashid, who ruled the Muslim empire in the period 170-193 AH (786 - 809 AD). Al-Rashid is the fifth caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. His full name being Abu Jafar Harun al-Rashid. This is a dirham, weighs 2.4 grams and is 23 mm in diameter. The coin shows the date of minting as 178 AH and the mint as al-Muhammadiya. The obverse of the coin has the words \"Muhammed Rasul Allah\" with the letter \"meem\" below and the letter and the words \"Muhammad Rasul Allah, arsaluh bil huda wa din al haq liazharuh 'al al din kulh walaw karah al mushrikon\" along the edge. The reverse shows the name of the mint and the date in a circle along the edge. It also has the words \"La Illaha ell Allah, Wahduh la Sharik Lah\". It should be noted that all references suggest that silver dirham of minting year before 188AH had more elaborate legend on the obverse and we were unable to find a listing in any of our references that suggest the simple legend for 178 AH. The date and the mint are clear on the coin and as such we believe this to be a scarce coin. Please note the coin is much better than the photos suggest with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please carefully review the images presented as they part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 178 AH or 794 AD. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e al-Muhammadiya. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dirham weighs 2.4 grams and is ~23 mm in diameter, which is rathger on the small and lighter side for these coins. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #219.2 and is Wilkes# 384. The coin is not listed in Al'Ush Catalog of Islamic coins preserved in the national museum of Qatar. It is also not listed in Lane Poole's Catalogue of Islamic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Collection in Cairo Egypt. Because the coin is not listed in Al'Ush or Lane Poole we believe it is rather scarce. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as very fine with wear commensurate with its age and circulated state. The coin has relatively good readable calligraphy especially in the fields with wear to the high points and along the edge. The coin is nicely toned and is good looking. It shows signs of wear to the inscription, but it is still very well defined. The coin has a few scratches and some bag marks. Be that as it may the coin is very nice and would make a great addition to your collection. Please note the coin itself is much better than the scan shows with very well defined and legible calligraphy. Please see photos for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Abbasid is an Arabic ruling dynasty, originally based in Madinat al-Salam (current day Baghdad) that expanded the Muslim empire and lasted from 750 Ad to 1258 AD. It was named for al-Abbas (566?-652), paternal uncle of the prophet Muhammad. ). Al-Safah leaded the revolt against the Umayyad established and became the first Abbasid Caliph upon the overthrow of the Umayyad caliph in 132 AH \/ 749 AD. During the first century of the Abbasid rule the empire experienced a time of unprecedented cultural, artistic and economic development, particularly during the reigns of Harun al-Rashid (786-809) and his son al-Ma’mun (813-833).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":18484839617,"sku":"","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/ABD360.jpeg?v=1571438791"},{"product_id":"scarce-cairo-egypt-gold-coin-ottoman-half-zeri-mahbub-or-beloved-gold-ah-1187-year-119-2-ad-1778-abdul-hamid-i-vf-wavy-flan","title":"Scarce Cairo Egypt Gold Coin Ottoman Half Zeri Mahbub or Beloved Gold AH 1187 Year (119) 2 - AD 1778 Abdul Hamid I- VF Wavy Flan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gold Half Zeri Mahbub (Beloved Gold) coin struck in Egypt during the reign of Abdul Hamid I who ascended the throne in 1774 AD (1187 AH). The coin was struck in the year (119)2 AH as evidenced by the number 2 above the \"noun\" in the word \"Ibn\" on the reverse. This translates to 1778 AD. The obverse of the coin shows the date clearly as 1187 AH, which is Abdul Hamid's accession date to the throne. Ottoman coins at that time used such a date for most coins struck during a sultan's reign and normally did not have the actual year of striking indicated, except for this coin,, which has the number 2 on the reverse. It also clearly shows the mint as Misr current day Fustat on the outskirt of Cairo the current capital of Egypt. The obverse of the coin says \"All Sultan Abdul Hamid ibn Ahmed Khan Ezat Nasruh Duriba Fee Misr Sanat 1187.\" The reverse reads \"Sultan al-Barain wa Khaqan al-Bahrain, al-Sultan Ibn al-Sultan.\" The coin has the number 2 over the letter \"Noun\" in the word ibn on the reverse making it the AH 1192 variant. The coin is a good very fine with a wavy flan and is good looking with a well centered strike and a nice off round flan. Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Marked 1187\/(119)2 AH or 1778 AD. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Misr current day Fustat on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a half zeri mahbub, weighs 1.3 grams and is about 18.5 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is KM 125. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as very fine. The coin retains a bit of its original mint luster and has a well centered and bold strike with all the being clear and very well readable. The coin has a wavy flan and is a bit out of round in shape. The coin has wear to the high points on both the obverse and reverse and areas of flatness, which can be seen in the images presented. Such wear is commensurate with coin's age and circulated state. Additionally, the coin has scratches and bag marks throughout. Other than that the coin is problem free and is beautiful. The coin is much better than the scan suggests. This is a rather scarce coin in this denomination and such examples seldom come by. This is a quality coin of a scarce variety and very seldom seen in such beautiful state. Please see the scan for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unlike prior Islamic coins struck in Egypt, Ottoman coins do not have long praying sentences. They contain the name of the Sultan and his father's, name of the mint, the accession date for the Sultan, and a short wishful sentence such as \"khullide mulkehu (may his rule be permanent)\" or \"azzet nasrehu (may his glory be holy)\". The Ottoman Empire existed from 699 AH (1300 AD) till 1341AH (1924 AD). In the beginning, the Ottoman state struck only silver coins known as Akce until the reign of Muhammad II (Mehmet the conqueror). On May 29, 1453, Mehmet II conquered Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire. He made it the capital of the Ottoman State and called in Konstantiniye or Qustantinya (current day Istanbul). In 1478 he began striking Gold coins known as Sultani (also known as Dinar, Ashrafi, Funduk, or Altin). He based it on the Venetian ducat standard of 3.5 gram of high purity gold (over 21K).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Egypt was conquered by Selim I in 1517 AD (921 AH) and the mamluk rule was ended. Selim I, began striking coins in Cairo and used the mint name \"MISR\" on the coins. Although the Ottoman were the official rulers of Egypt the mamluks still wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's. The obverse of the coin reads \"Al Sultan Suleyman, Ibn Selim Khan, azzet nasrehu, Duriba Fee Misr Sanat 926 (literally translated as The Sultan Suleyman son of sultan Selim khan, may his glory be holy, struck in Egypt in the year 926).\" The Ottoman empire reached the height of its power under Sulayman I the Magnificent, with territory extending across north Africa and through the Balkans into Hungary. Coins were struck in more than forty mints spread throughout the empire. Sulayman was distinguished for his justice and tolerance. His military, educational, and legal reforms earned him the name Sulayman the Lawgiver (al-Kanuni) among Muslims. He was fond of pomp and splendor and was a lavish patron of the arts and of literature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":19926455361,"sku":"","price":249.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/OTM067.jpeg?v=1571438791"},{"product_id":"afghanistan-gold-coin-ghaznavid-dinar-420-ah-1029-ad-abul-qasim-ibn-sebuktekin-mahmud","title":"Afghanistan Gold Coin Ghaznavid Dinar 420 AH \/ 1029 AD Abu'l Qasim ibn Sebuktekin Mahmud","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A gold coin from Mahmud (Abu'l Qasim ibn Sebuktekin), who ruled Ghazna in current day Afghanistan during the period 389-421 AH (999-1030 AD) with the title Yamin al-Dawla wa Amin al-Mella given to him by the Abbasid Caliph al-Qadir. The coin shows the name of the ruler as Abu'i Qasim. The date and mint are on the inner margin of the obverse and can be identified with difficulty as the coin being struck in Nishabur in 420 AH. Please carefully review the scans presented as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdditional Information:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Ghaznavids were originally Turkish slaves of the Samanids and usurped their masters in the 4th century. They established their rule in Southeastern Afghanistan around Ghazna. Mahmmoud or Mahmud was one of the most powerful rulers of the dynasty and has invaded current day Pakistan and parts of India ruled over them. The Ghaznavid state was centered in Ghazna their capital, a city in present Afghanistan. The dynasty was founded by Sebuktekin or Sebuktigin upon his succession to rule of territories centered around the city of Ghazna from his father-in-law, Alp Tigin, a break-away ex-general of the Samanid sultans. Sebuktigin's son, Shah Mahmoud, expanded the empire in the region that stretched from the Oxus river to the Indus Valley and the Indian Ocean; and in the west it reached Rayy and Hamadan in current day Iran. Under the reign of Mas'ud I it experienced major territorial losses. It lost its western territories to the Seljuqs in the Battle of Dandanaqan resulting in a restriction of its holdings to what is now Afghanistan, as well as Balochistan and the Punjab. In 1151, Sultan Bahram Shah lost Ghazna to Ala'uddin Hussain of Ghor and the capital was moved to Lahore until its subsequent capture by the Ghurids in 1186. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 420 AH or 1029 AD. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Nishapur. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a Dinar, weighs 2.5 grams (lower than usual) and is ~23 mm in diameter (larger than usual). References: It is Album #1606. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good fine or better. The coin itself is much better than the scan shows with a well centered strike. However, the coin has what I would characterize as difficult to read calligraphy, which was the norm with many of the Ghaznavid coins. It is also of lower weight than normal and has a wider flan that normal. It also has areas of strike weakness. Be that as it may, it is a very nice coin which will make a good addition to your collection. Please view the scan to appreciate the condition and beauty of the coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":21345234689,"sku":"","price":299.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/GAZ005.jpg?v=1571438791"},{"product_id":"islamic-silver-coin-rare-mamluk-dirham-791-792-ah-1389-1390-ad-al-mansur-nasir-al-din-hajji-ii","title":"Islamic Silver Coin Rare Mamluk Dirham 791-792 AH \/1389-1390 AD Al-Mansur Nasir Al-Din Hajji II","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A rare silver coin from the times of Hajji II (Al-Mansur Nasir Al-Din) second reign, who is from the Bahari Mamluk dynasty and ruled Egypt and Syria twice with his first reign being in the period 783-784 AH (1381-1382 AD) and his second reign being during the period 791-6792 AH (1389-1390 AD). This is a dirham weighing about 3.2 grams and measuring 19 millimeters in diameter. It is in generally fine or better condition with considerable wear and area of strike weakness or flatness in the bottom of the obverse and top of the reverse. The coin clearly shows the name and title \"al-Sultan al-Malek al-Mansur Nasir (which is bit obliterated by can be inferred) al-D..; .. Hajji..\" with a decorative shape between Nasir and al-Di.. on the obverse. The reverse of the coin clearly shows the words \"... Rassul Allah; .... Bel-huda wa Din al-Haq; ..'ala...\" The coin is similar to Balog #530. The coin does not show the place or the date of minting. The coin is a bit off round and is Album 969 with a rarity index R. Please carefully review the scans presented as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 791-792 AH (1389-1390 AD). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e The place of minting is off flan. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~3.2 grams of silver and is ~198 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #969 with a rarity index R, is listed in Balog as 530, and it is listed in Wilkes as 1021. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a very rare coin from the reign of Al-Mansur Nasirr Al-Din Hajji II. I would grade this coin as a fine or better. The coin itself is much better than the scan shows with partially defined and legible calligraphy on both the obverse and reverse. The coin is a bit off round with misshapen edge. The coin shows considerable wear and has strike weakness or areas of flatness along the bottom of the obverse and top of the reverse. It is clean and shows the well defined name of al-Mansur Hajji. This is a rare coin and very difficult to come by, which would make a nice addition to your collection. Please see the photos for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Kahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers of the Cairo Citadel are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":22849339521,"sku":"","price":89.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM066.JPG?v=1571438792"},{"product_id":"rare-egypt-fatimid-gold-coin-al-faiz-549-555-ah-1154-1160-ad-dinar-555-ah-1160-ad-alexandria-mint-very-fine","title":"Rare Al-Fa'iz Fatimid Dinar 1160 AD Alexandria Egypt Islamic Gold Coin 555 AH VF","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A rare very fine or better gold coin from Al-Faiz or al-Imam 'Isa the Fatimid Khalif or Caliph who ruled the Muslim empire in the period 549-555 AH (1154 - 1160 AD). Al-Fa'iz is the thirteen caliph of the Fatimid dynasty. His full name being, Abu al-Qasim 'Isa al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah. The coin four concentric circles with the name al Imam 'Isa in the center circle and shows the date clearly as 555 AH. The outer margin also shows part of the name of the mint as al-Iskandariya or Alexandria Egypt the well known seaport of the Mediterranean Sea. Please carefully view the scan as it is part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin shows the date of minting as 555AH (1160 AD). Mint: Al-Iskandaryia current day Alexandria the well known seaport of the Mediterranean Sea. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dinar, weighs ~4.94 grams and is ~20 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #741 and is listed in by Nicol as #2671. It is Wilkes 852 and is not listed in Lane Poole's Catalogue of Arabic Coins Preserved in The Khedivial Library in Cairo, Egypt. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as very fine or better. The coin has a nice centered strike and is just beautiful. The coin has relatively distinct and fairly readable calligraphy and is problem free. The coin has some encrusted residue on the reverse, which can be seen in the photos. Be that as it may, the coin is much better than the scan shows with very nice eye appeal. A definite quality and rare coin. Please see photos for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Fatimid Caliphate is a Shi'a dynasty that ruled over the Islamic world of mostly North Africa from 5 January 910 to 1171. The ruling elite of the state belonged to the Ismaili branch of Shi'ism. They are also part of the chain of holders of the office of Caliph, as recognized by most Muslims, the only period in which the Shia Imamate and the Caliphate were united to any degree, excepting the Caliphate of Ali himself. The Fatimids were reputed to exercise a degree of religious tolerance towards non-Ismaili sects of Islam as well as towards Jews and Coptic Christians.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Fatimids had their origins in Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia and eastern Algeria) but after the conquest of Egypt about 970 AD, they built the City of Cairo and used it as their Capital. Abu Ali Al-Mansur Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah reigned in the period of 386-411 AH. His rule was rather capricious punctuated by intermittent periods of persecution of the Christians and the prohibition of Mulkhia, a favorite green soup of the Egyptian populace. He disappeared on 27 Shawwal 411AH or 13 February 1021 and was never found again. It is not certain what happened to him. The dynasty was founded in 296 AH (909 AD) by Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, who legitimized his claim through descent from Muhammad by way of his daughter Fatima as-Zahra and her husband Ali ibn-Abi-Talib, the first Shi'a Imam, hence the name al-Fatimiyyen \"Fatimid\". Abdullah al-Mahdi's control soon extended over all of central Maghreb, an area consisting of the modern countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, which he ruled from Mahdia, his newly-built capital in Tunisia. The Fatimids (Abu Tamim Ma'add al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah) entered Egypt in 358 AH (969AD) , conquering the Ikhshidid dynasty. Eventually they founded a new capital at al Qahirah \"The Subduer\" (modern Cairo) - a reference to the appearance of the planet Mars. They continued to conquer the surrounding areas until they ruled from Tunisia to Syria and even crossed over into Sicily and southern Italy. Under the Fatimids, Egypt became the center of an empire that included at its peak North Africa, Sicily, Palestine, Syria, the Red Sea coast of Africa, Yemen and the Hejaz.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the Fatimids, Egypt flourished and developed an extensive trade network in both the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean (establishing trade and diplomatic ties all the way to China under the Song Dynasty), which eventually determined the economic course of Egypt during the High Middle Ages. After the decay of the Fatimid political system in the 1160s, the Zengid ruler Nur ad-Din had his general, Saladin, seize Egypt in 1169, forming the Sunni Ayyubid Dynasty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":26845891649,"sku":"","price":1650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/FAT069.jpg?v=1571438792"},{"product_id":"islamic-silver-coin-scarce-mamluk-dirham-743-746-ah-1342-1345-ad-al-salih-imad-al-din-ismail-1","title":"Islamic Silver Coin Scarce Mamluk Dirham 743-746 AH \/1342-1345 AD Al-Salih Imad Al-Din Isma'il","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A silver coin from the times of Isma'il (Al-Salih Imad al-Donya wa al-Din), who ruled Egypt and Syria during the period 743-746 AH (1342-1345 AD). Isma'il is from the Bahari Mamluk dynasty. This dirham, which weighs about 2.6 grams and measures about 21 millimeters in diameter, was minted in Dimishq as note on the obverse. It is in generally fine condition with considerable wear, but still shows the legend \"... Al Sultan al-Malik; al-Salih Imad al-Donya wa; al-Din ibn Mohammad Duribah; bi-Dimishq Sanat..\" with the year being undecipherable on the obverse. The reverse of the coin has the words \"Allah; wa Ma al-Nasru Ela Min 'And; La Illah Ela Allah; Mohammad Rasul Al...\" The coin does not show a date but clearly indicates the place of minting as being Dimishq. This coin is listed in Balog as number 278 and is most likely minted in 745H (or 1344AD) since I believe I can see the letter \"Kha\" after sanat. Please carefully review the scans presented as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Date off flan, struck in the period 743-746 AH (1342-1345 AD) and most likely 745 ah IR 1344 AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dimishq.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~2.6 grams of silver and is ~21 mm in diameter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #933 (S), listed in Balog as 278, and it is Wilkes 989.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a fine or better. The coin itself is much better than the scan shows with partially defined and legible calligraphy on both the obverse and reverse. The coin is a bit off round with misshapen edge. The coin shows considerable wear and has areas of flatness along the edges but is clean and shows the well defined title of Isma'il. This is normally more difficult coin to find, which would make a nice addition to your collection. Please see the photos for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Qahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers of the Cairo Citadel are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39884709837,"sku":"","price":77.77,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM088.jpg?v=1571438812"},{"product_id":"book-a-study-of-the-coins-used-in-ottoman-egypt-by-dr-ahmed-al-sawy","title":"Book: \"A Study of The Coins Used In Ottoman Egypt\" By Dr. Ahmed al-Sawy","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Offered here is a \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBRAND NEW COPY\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e of a book by Dr. Ahmed al-Sawy entitled Coins Used in Ottoman Egypt.\" The book is a paperback and is written in Arabic. It was published by Markaz al Hadara al-Arabia in Cairo, Egypt. It has 324 pages of text, 40 pages comprising a catalog of Ottoman coins circulating in Egypt during Ottoman times, and 5 pages of poor quality pictures of Ottoman coins in black and white. This is an indispensable reference for the serious collector of Islamic coins. The book presents a comprehensive study of the Coins circulated in Egypt in the period from 923 AH (1517 AD) through the early 1200s AH (1780s AD). It has the following chapters:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOttoman Coins Used in Egypt (Gold, Silver and Copper)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-Ottoman Coins Used in Egypt (Mamluk and Foreign)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonetary Value of the Coins Used in Egypt\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEgyptian Mints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoney Changers and Their Role in Monetary Circulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCatalog\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoin Photos\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\nThe book is well written and is easy to follow and is full of very useful information and description of the coins and their importance. It also discusses the issues associated with debasing the coins for profit by the mint masters and the governor of Egypt and the many attempts by the Ottoman Sultans to regulate the minting of coins in one of the most important and richest colonies of the Ottoman empire.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is not a used book but is a \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNEW BOOK\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e. It is in excellent condition and has \u0026lt;b\u0026gt;never been opened. All pages are clean and the book is free of markings, tears, dog ears or damage. The cover has some minor scuff marks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease view our feedback and bid with confidence. We guarantee the authenticity, description and condition of the items we sell. We will refund your purchase price if not completely satisfied. Please click on the link below to visit our other auctions for additional interesting collectibles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40046939917,"sku":"","price":65.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/BookOttomanCoinsA.jpg?v=1571438812"},{"product_id":"extremely-rare-dimishq-islamic-gold-coin-mamluk-bunduqi-815-ah-1412-ad-abul-fadl-al-abbas-al-mustain","title":"Extremely Rare Dimishq Islamic Gold Coin Mamluk Bunduqi 815 AH \/1412 AD Abu'l Fadl al-Abbas al-Mustain","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A gold coin from the Mamluk sultan al-Musiain (Abu Al-Fadl al-Abbas), who ruled Egypt and Syria nominally for a few months in 815 AH (1412 AD). Al-Musatin was not a Mamluk, instead he was the shadow Abbasid caliph in Cairo. He did rule nominally for a few months under the shadow of Shaykh. Shaykh, then took over and rule in his own name. The coin clearly shows the name of al-Mustain and the mint as Dimishq. It does not have date of minting but if course it would be 815AH. An extremely rare coin that very seldom becomes available. It has been in my collection for the past 4 years and because my interests have changed, I am looking to sell it. Please carefully review the scan as it is part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Date off flan but struck in 815 AH (1412 AD). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dimishq. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is an Bunduqi, weighs ~3.4 grams and is ~16 mm in diameter. The bunduqi was a coin developed by Shaykh based on the Venetian Ducat with a standardized weight of 3.3 to 3.5 gram coin of high purity gold (over 22K). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #984.2, it is listed in Balog as #672, and is Wilkes 1030. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lot 4846 of the Horus Collection sold by Baldwin in London April 2013 Condition: I would grade this coin as very fine or much better. The coin itself is much better than the photos show with very well defined and legible calligraphy. The coin is a bit off round, which is also common for this type of coin. It has a few minor scratches, dings and wear commensurate with its circulated state. It also was struck a bit off the flan on the reverse and hence the observable area of flatness. A definite quality and very rare coin worthy of a spot in your collection. Please see images for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":972313002010,"sku":"","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM031.jpg?v=1571438813"},{"product_id":"cairo-egypt-ayyubid-gold-coin-salah-al-din-dinar-588-ah-1192-ad-good-very-fine","title":"Cairo Egypt Ayyubid Gold Coin Salah al-Din Dinar 588 AH \/ 1192 AD Good Very Fine","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A good very fine or better gold dinar from Salah al-Din (Saladin) the sultan who established the Ayyubid dynasty and ruled Egypt and Syria in the period 564-589 AH (1169 - 1193 AD). His full name being, Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf and better known in the western world as Saladin. The coin cites Abu al-'Abbas al-Nasir as the Abbasid Caliph at the time. The date of minting is very clear and legible on the reverse and shows the year of minting as 588AH. The name of the mint is mostly off the flan, but we can clearly see the last two letters of al-Qahira or Cairo as the place of minting. Please carefully review the scans presented as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin shows the mint date as 588AH or 1192AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Al-Qahira current day Cairo the capital of Egypt today and at the time of Salah al-Din.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dinar, weighs ~3.3 grams and is ~19 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #785.2 with a rarity rating of S, is listed in Balog's Book on Ayyubid Coins as #48, and is listed as Wilkes 890. The coin is listed in Lane Poole's Catalog of the Collection of Arabic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Library in Cairo as number 1329.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good very fine or better. This coin is much better than the photos show with very well defined and legible calligraphy. The coin has wear commensurate with its age and circulated status, a few minor scratches and bag marks. A definite quality coin. Please see the photos for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Ayyubids were one of the great Islamic dynasties. The dynasty was founded by al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf I (Saladin) in AH 564\/1169 AD and ruled in Egypt and Syria until falling to the Mamluks in the mid 7th century AH. The Ayyubids are of Kurdish origins. Saladin and his brother Shirquah were recruited among others by the Zangid Nur Al-Din. Shirquah gained control over Egypt from the Fatimids, and died almost immediately, leaving his nephew Salah El-Din Ibn Ayyub as his successor and soon was recognized by his troops. Saladin (probably the most respected figure of the middle ages by both friends and foes) was the real founder of the Dynasty. With his victory at Hittin in 583 AH\/ 1187 AD, the holy city of Jerusalem was liberated from the crusaders and great event in Muslim history. He extinguished the last Fatimids of Egypt and replaced the Ismaili Shia by a strongly Orthodox Sunni religious and educational policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1927685472282,"sku":"","price":1100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/AYB027.jpg?v=1571438813"},{"product_id":"mamluk-ashrafi-gold-coin-cairo-egypt-906-922-ah-1501-1516-ad-al-ashraf-abu-al-nasr-qansuh-ii-al-ghuri","title":"Mamluk Ashrafi Gold Coin Cairo Egypt? 906-922 AH \/ 1501-1516 AD Al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Qansuh II al-Ghuri","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A gold coin from the Mamluk sultan Qansuh II al-Ghuri (Al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr), who ruled Egypt and Syria during the period 906-922 AH (1501-1516 AD). Qansuh II al-Ghuri is from the Circassian Burji Mamluk dynasty. The Obverse of the coin is similar to the obverse of Balog #869 with a central Arabesque knot. However, the reverse is not similar to the reverse of Balog 869 and does not appear to have an equivalent on Balod's catalog. The obverse shows partially legible writing at the bottom of the obverse, which may be interpreted as being part of the word al-Qahira or Cairo suggesting the coin may have been struck in al-Qahira, current day Cairo the capital of Egypt. The coin clearly shows the sultan's name \"Qansuh al Guhri\" on the obverse. Please carefully review the scans as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Date off flan, struck in the period 906-922 AH (1501-1516 AD). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Most likely minted in Al-Qahira current day Cairo the Capital of Egypt. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is an Ashrafi, weighs ~3.3 grams and is ~14 mm in diameter. The Ashrafi is a standard 3.3 to 3.5 gram coin of high purity gold (over 22K) and standard weight minted after the Venetian ducats. This type of coin was established by Al-Ashraf Barsbay, who ruled from 1422-1438 AD and instituted monetary reform during his reign. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #1041 and its obverse is similar to the obverse of Balog #869. It is Wilkes 1072. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as very fine or much better. The coin itself is much better than the photos suggest with very well defined and legible calligraphy. The coin has a few minor scratches, dings and wear commensurate with its circulated state. A definite quality coin worthy of a spot in your collection. Please see photos for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine.%0d%0a%0d%0a\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;The Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Kahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":4159643713577,"sku":"","price":249.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM058.JPG?v=1571438815"},{"product_id":"large-flan-cairo-egypt-islamic-gold-coin-mamluk-dinar-751-ah-1350-ad-al-nasir-hassan-first-reign","title":"Large Flan Cairo Egypt Islamic Gold Coin Mamluk Dinar (75) 1 AH\/1350 AD al-Nasir Hassan First Reign","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A gold dinar coin from the Bahari Mamluk sultan Al Nasir Nasir Al-Din Abul Mahasin Hasan. The coin, which was minted in al-Qahira or Cairo the current capital of Egypt, was minted in (75)1 AH during Hassan's 1st reign which spanned the period 748-752 AH (1347-1351AD). The coin clearly shows the mint name and shows the number 1 of 751 the year of minting. A nice extremely fine coin with some strike weakness near the edge of both the obverse and reveres. The coin has very sharp calligraphy and a well centered strike. Please carefully review the photos as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Struck in 751 AH or 1350 AD. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e al-Qahira or current day Cairo the capital of Egypt. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dinar weighing ~6 grams and is slightly off round measuring ~28x26 mm.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #944 it is listed in Balog as #319, and is Wilkes 996 (this is the exact coin shown in Wilkes' Catalog). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e See Wilkes' Islamic Coins \u0026amp; Their Values, Volume 1; The Medieval Period published by Spink, London in 2015 Page 94, coin # 996 for the same exact coin. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as very fine or much better. The coin has some peripheral weakness, which can be seen in the photos. The coin itself is much better than the photos show with very well defined and legible calligraphy. The coin is a bit off round, which is common for ingot coins that were used based on weight instead of count. It has a few minor scratches, dings and wear commensurate with its circulated state. A definite quality and well documented coin worthy of a spot in your collection. Please see images for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Kahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers of the Cairo Citadel are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":5370835173417,"sku":"","price":1290.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM107b.JPG?v=1571438817"},{"product_id":"cairo-egypt-islamic-silver-coin-mamluk-dirham-heraldic-lion-658-676-ah-1260-1277-ad-al-zahir-rukn-al-din-baybars-i-balog-44","title":"Cairo Egypt Islamic Silver Coin Mamluk Dirham Heraldic Lion 658-676 AH \/1260-1277 AD Al-Zahir Rukn Al-Din Baybars I Balog 44","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A silver coin from the times of Baybars 1st (Al-Zahir Rukn Al-Din Baybars), who ruled Egypt and Syria during the period 658-676 AH (1260-1277 AD)Baybars is from the Bahari Mamluk dynasty. This is a dirham weighing about 2.9 grams and measuring ~23.5 millimeters diameter. It is in generally in very good condition with considerable wear and areas of flatness but still shows parts Baybars I Heraldic Lion and the following legend on the obverse (Alsalehy; Al-Sultan al-Malik; ..zaher Rukn al-Dunya wa al-Din; ....s Qasim Amir al-Mum...). The reverse shows the legend \"....min; ..am al-Mustansir Billah; ,,kasm Ahmed Ibn: ...am al-Zahir.\" Both sides are off center with areas of weakness and remnants of beaded borders. The coin does not show a date or the place of minting and is listed in Balog as 44. Please carefully review the photos presented as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Undated, struck in the period 658-676 AH (1260-1277 AD).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unknown as the place of minting is not evident on the coin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~2.9 grams of silver and is ~23.5 mm in diameter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #883, similar to Balog #44, and it is Wilkes 960.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e For international buyers, please note that on January 20, 2018 the new US postal rates for overseas shipping went into effect for first class shipments, which we are unable to change. Additional charges will be incurred depending on the value of the item. I would grade this coin as a nice fine or better. The coin itself is much better than the photos suggest with partially defined and legible calligraphy on both the obverse and reverse as well as the image of the Heraldic Lion on the obverse. The coin is a bit off round, shows considerable wear and has areas of flatness, which can be seen in the photos, but still shows the well defined title of Baybars and the heraldic lion. This is normally more difficult coin to find, which would make a nice addition to your collection. Please see the photos for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Kahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers of the Cairo Citadel are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":5372161589289,"sku":"","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM109.JPG?v=1571438817"},{"product_id":"morocco-spain-silver-islamic-coin-square-dirham-muwahhid-or-almohad-524-640-ah-or-1130-1250-ad-3","title":"Morocco Spain Silver Islamic Coin Square Dirham Muwahhid or Almohad 524 -640 AH or 1130-1250 AD","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A small square anonymous silver dirham minted for circulation in Iberia (Spain) and Morocco during the Muwahhid dynasty (1130 -1250 AD) 524 -640 AH. These coins were minted throughout the time of the dynasty and were circulated throughout North Africa and Islamic Spain. The obverse says \"La Ellah El Allah\/Al Amer Kulh Le Allah\/Laquwa Ela Be Allah\" which translated to \"There is no god but Allah\/ all rights are Allah's\/and all power is Allah's.\" The reverse which is decorated with a line pattern on top proclaims \"Allah Rbuna\/ Mohammed Rasulan\/ Al Mahdi Emamana\" which translates to \"Allah is our god\/Mohammed is our prophet\/al-Mahdi is our leader.\" The coin has beaded borders which are partially visible on several of the edges of both the obverse and reverse. Please carefully review photos as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdditional Information:\u003c\/strong\u003e Muwahhid (Al Mohad) Dynasty ruled the Maghrib from 1147-1269. In about 1121 Murabit dominance in Northern Africa was challenged by the Harghi Tribe of the central Moroccan part of the Atlas Mountains, who founded the Muwahhid dynasty. Mohammed ibn Tumart claimed to be the Mahdi, or the divinity guided successor to the Prophet Mohammed, and founded the Muwahhid (the affirmers of God's unity). They ruled current day Morocco, Tunis and Algeria plus Islamic Spain (Al Andlus). They were the most powerful force in North Africa since the Roman Empire. They had two capital cities one in Spain (Seville) and the other in Morocco (Fas). The end of the Muwahhids was also the beginning of the end of Islamic rule in Spain. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sometime in the period 524 -640 AH (1130 -1250 AD).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unknown.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a Dirham, weighs ~1.4 grams and is ~14 by ~14.5 mm.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #496, Wilkes #716 and is listed in Mitchiner as #421. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e For international buyers, please note that on January 20, 2018 the new US postal rates for overseas shipping went into effect for first class shipments, which we are unable to change. Additional charges will be incurred depending on the value of the item. I would grade this coin as a good very fine with a well centered strike and very readable legible calligraphy. The coin has beaded edges with some of the edges trimmed tightly which resulted in loss of the beading and a less distinct or obvious beading on some of the edges when compared to the edges where the beading is still fully evident. The coin has uneven toning on both sides with dark areas, which are not as dark as the photos suggest, and can be seen in the photos. The flan is slightly bent at the corners, but that is minor and of no true concern. The coin has wear and some light scratches to the surface commensurate with its age and circulated state. The coin is much better than the photos suggest. Please see photos for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":12286940741724,"sku":"","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MUW016.JPG?v=1571438820"},{"product_id":"silver-coin-1920-ad-1338-ah-egyptian-two-piastres-king-fuad-i-anacs-au-55","title":"Silver Coin 1920 AD 1338 AH Egyptian Two Piastres King Fuad I ANACS AU 55","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A beautiful about uncirculated 1338 AH or 1920 AD Egyptian two piastres silver coin. The coin depicts the name of Sultan Fuad or Fouad (who ruled Egypt during the British occupation) and the date 1335 AH, when he became sultan (his accession date) on the obverse. The reverse has the denomination, the AH and the AD dates and saying \"al-sultanah al masryah\" or the Egyptian Sultanate. The coin is graded by ANACS as AU 55 Details with the details being that the coin was cleaned. Despite this fact the coin is beautiful and worthy of a spot in your collection. The coin comes in a plastic holder so labeled. Please carefully review the scan presented as it is part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1920.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Egypt (actually these were minted in England and have the mint mark H on the reverse for Birmingham England). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a 2 piastres, weighs 2.8 grams of 83.3% silver and is approximately 19 mm. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is KM #325.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin is graded about uncirculated AU-55 Detailed by ANACS and comes in a plastic holder so labeled. The coin has beautiful eye appeal with its details being very well preserved with minimum wear commensurate with its almost uncirculated status. The coin is labeled as cleaned, but inspection of the coin reveals a beautiful coin with no objectionable hairlines or problems. The coin is better than the photos suggest. It does have scratches, some toning, some bag marks and minimum wear commensurate with its age and circulated status. Please see photos for condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":12475726528561,"sku":"","price":350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/EGC547.JPG?v=1571438820"},{"product_id":"damascus-syria-islamic-silver-coin-mamluk-dirham-678-689-ah-1279-1290-ad-al-mansur-sayf-al-din-qalaun","title":"Damascus Syria Islamic Silver Coin Mamluk Dirham 678-689 AH \/1279-1290 AD Al-Mansur Sayf al-Din Qala'un","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A nice silver coin from the times of Qala'un (Al-Mansur Sayf al-Din) the Mamluk Sultan who ruled Egypt and Syria during the period 678-689 AH (1279-1290 AD). Qala'un is from the Bahari Mamluk dynasty. This is a dirham weighing about 2.7 grams and measuring 21 millimeters in diameter. It is in generally fine condition with wear commensurate with its circulated state. It shows quite a bit of the legends on both obverse and reverse and shows part of the mint name as ...mishq (Dimishq or Damascus Syria). The obverse shows the words \"...al-Sultan al-Malik al-Mansur Sayf al-Donya wa al-Din ..la'un al Salehi.\" The reverse shows the end part of the word Dimishq (Damascus) on top of the field then the words \"La Illaha ella Allah; Muhammad Rasul Allah; Arsaluh Bil Hudah ....\" The coin does not show a date of minting but shows part of the mint name. Please carefully review the photos presented as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Date off flan, struck in the period 678-689 AH (1279-1290 AD).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dimishq or Damascus the current capital of Syria.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~27 grams of silver and is ~21 mm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #894, listed in Balog as 129, and it is Wilkes 967. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a good fine or better. The coin itself is much better than the photos show with well defined and legible calligraphy on both the obverse and reverse. The coin shows part of the mint name, which is rather rare for these coins. It also clearly shows most of Qala'un's name. The coin shows considerable wear throughout and some pronounced areas of strike weakness on the top of both the obverse and reverse. However, it is still very readable and looks good. A nice and rather difficult to find coin, which would make a nice addition to your collection. Please see the photos for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Kahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers of the Cairo Citadel are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":13592971837489,"sku":"","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM110.JPG?v=1571438835"},{"product_id":"al-muhammadiya-mint-abbasid-silver-coin-al-mansur-dirham-158-ah-775-ad-nice-very-fine","title":"al-Muhammadiya Mint Abbasid Silver Coin Al-Mansur Dirham 158 AH \/ 775 AD Nice Very Fine","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Silver Dirham from Al-Mansur, who ruled the Muslim empire in the period 136-158 AH (754 - 775 AD). Al-Mansur is the second caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. His full name being Abu Jafar Abdul Allah al-Mansur. This is a dirham, weighs 2.8 grams and is 24 mm in diameter. The coin shows the date of minting as 158 AH and the mint as al-Muhammadiya. The obverse of the coin has the words \"Muhammad Rasul Allah\" with the letter \" WAW \" below it in the center and the verse \"Muhammad Rasul Allah, arsaluh bil huda wa din al haq liazharuh 'al al din kulh walaw karah al mushrikon\" along the edge. The reverse shows the name of the mint and the date in a circle along the edge. It also has the words \"La Illaha ell Allah, Wahduh la Sharik Lah\" in the center. Please note the coin is better than the photos suggest with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please carefully review the images presented as they part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 158 AH or 775 AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e al-Mohammadiya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dirham weighs 2.8 grams and is ~24 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #213.1 but is not listed in Al'Ush Catalog of Islamic coins preserved in the national museum of Qatar and not listed in Lane Poole's Catalogue of Islamic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Collection in Cairo, Egypt.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a very fine. The coin has very readable calligraphy with some minor double striking that is obvious along the edge of the obverse. The coin has light toning, shows some wear, has a few nicks in the field which can be seen in the photos, has no appreciable losses, and has a few scratches. Be that as it may the coin is very fine and would make a great addition to your collection. Please note the coin itself is much better than the photos shows with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Abbasid is an Arabic ruling dynasty, originally based in Madinat al-Salam (current day Baghdad) that expanded the Muslim empire and lasted from 750 Ad to 1258 AD. It was named for al-Abbas (566?-652), paternal uncle of the prophet Muhammad. ). Al-Safah leaded the revolt against the Umayyad established and became the first Abbasid Caliph upon the overthrow of the Umayyad caliph in 132 AH \/ 749 AD. During the first century of the Abbasid rule the empire experienced a time of unprecedented cultural, artistic and economic development, particularly during the reigns of Harun al-Rashid (786-809) and his son al-Ma’mun (813-833).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":14346597040177,"sku":"","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/ABD359.JPG?v=1571438837"},{"product_id":"nice-islamic-silver-coin-mamluk-dirham-755-762-ah-1354-1361-ad-second-reign-of-al-nasir-nasir-al-din-hasan","title":"Nice Islamic Silver Coin Mamluk Dirham 755-762 AH \/ 1354-1361 AD Second Reign of Al-Nasir Nasir al-Din Hasan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A silver coin from the times of Al Nasir Nasir al-Din Hasan's second reign. Hasan was the son of Muhammad son of Qalaun and ruled Egypt and Syria for two different periods ranging from 748 AH (1347AD) and 762 AH (1361 AD). This coin is from his second reign which occurred in the period 755-762 AH \/ 1354-1361 AD. Al Nasir Hasan is from the Bahari Mamluk dynasty. This is a dirham weighing about 2.8 grams and is about 20 millimeters in diameter. It is in generally fine condition with readable calligraphy on the obverse and the reverse, but showing wear and areas of flatness. The obverse shows the legend \"Al Sultan Al Malik Al Nasir Nasir al-Dunia; wa al-Din Hasan bin....\" while the reverse has the legend \".. Elah Ela ..;Muhammad Rassul Alah.; Arsaluh Bil Hudah....\" The small flan of the coin does not show either a mint or a date. However, the coin is similar to Balog 367, which is struck in Hamah. Please carefully review the scans presented as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Date off flan, struck in the period 755-762 AH (354-1361 AD).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Uncertain but possibly Hamah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dirham, weighs ~2.8 grams of silver and is ~20 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #945 with a scarcity rating of S, it is similar to Balog as #367, and is Wilkes1002.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a fine or better. The coin itself is much better than the photos show with relatively well defined and legible portions of the calligraphy on both the obverse and reverse. The coin shows wear and has strike weakness along the edges and definitely shows the name Hasan. A normally scarce coin, which is dificult to find and would make a nice addition to your collection. Please see the photos for additional condition information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Kahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers of the Cairo Citadel are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":14595659923505,"sku":"","price":77.77,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM120.JPG?v=1571438839"},{"product_id":"madinat-al-salam-mint-abbasid-silver-coin-al-mutadid-dirham-285-ah-898-ad-good-very-fine-or-better","title":"Madinat al-Salam Mint Abbasid Silver Coin Al-Mu'tadid Dirham 285 AH \/ 898 AD Good Very Fine or Better","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Silver nicely toned and almost very fine silver Dirham from Al-Mu'tadid, who ruled the Muslim empire in the period 279-289 AH (892 - 902 AD). Al-Mu'tadid is the caliph who ushered in the third period of the Abbasid rule and the decline of the dynasty. His full name being Abu al-Abbas Ahmed al-Mu'tadid Bellah. This is a dirham, weighs ~3.3 grams and is ~24 mm in diameter. The coin shows the date of minting as 285 AH and the mint as Madinat al-Salam or current day Bahgdad the capital of Iraq. The obverse of the coin has the words \"Muhammad Rasul Allah\" with the name \"Al-Mu'tadid Bellah\" below it all and the words \"Muhammad Rasul Allah, arsaluh bil huda wa din al haq liazharuh 'al al din kulh walaw karah al mushrikon\" along the edge. The reverse shows the name of the mint and the date in an inside circle with the an additional legend along the edge. The reverse also has the words \"La Illaha ell Allah, Wahduh la Sharik Lah\" in the center. Please note the coin is darkly toned but is much better than the photos suggest with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please carefully review the images presented as they part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 285 AH or 898 AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Madinat al-Salam or current day Baghdad the capital of Iraq.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dirham weighs 3.3 grams and is ~24 mm in diameter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #242, it is listed in Al'Ush Catalog of Islamic coins preserved in the national museum of Qatar as#2093, and is Wilkes 422.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e For international buyers, please note that the new US postal rates for overseas shipping are very high and we are unable to change them. Additional charges will be incurred depending on the value of the item. Please check the cost of shipping before bidding. I would grade this coin as a good fine or better. The coin has very readable calligraphy and is nice looking. The coin shows some wear to the inscription, but it is still very well defined. The coin has dark toning and quite a bit of soiling embedded into the calligraphy. The coin has a few scratches and some bag marks. Be that as it may the coin is very nice and would make a great addition to your collection. Please note the coin itself is much better than the photos show with very well defined and legible calligraphy. Please see photos for additional condition information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Abbasid is an Arabic ruling dynasty, originally based in Madinat al-Salam (current day Baghdad) that expanded the Muslim empire and lasted from 750 Ad to 1258 AD. It was named for al-Abbas (566?-652), paternal uncle of the prophet Muhammad. Al-Safah lead the revolt against the Umayyad establishment and became the first Abbasid Caliph upon the overthrow of the Umayyad caliph in 132 AH \/ 749 AD. During the first century of the Abbasid rule the empire experienced a time of unprecedented cultural, artistic and economic development, particularly during the reigns of Harun al-Rashid (786-809) and his son al-Ma’mun (813-833). Al-Mu'tadid is the first caliph in the third period of the Abbasid caliphate and is the caliph who ushered the decline of the dynasty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":15024308125745,"sku":"","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/ABD377.JPG?v=1571438839"},{"product_id":"islamic-silver-coin-scarce-mamluk-dirham-743-746-ah-1342-1345-ad-al-salih-imad-al-din-ismail-2","title":"Islamic Silver Coin Scarce Mamluk Dirham 743-746 AH \/1342-1345 AD Al-Salih Imad Al-Din Isma'il","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A silver coin from the times of Isma'il (Al-Salih Imad al-Donya wa al-Din), who ruled Egypt and Syria during the period 743-746 AH (1342-1345 AD). Isma'il is from the Bahari Mamluk dynasty. This dirham, which weighs about 3.4 grams and measures about 21 millimeters in diameter, was most likely minted in Dimishq even though the mint name is not clear on the obverse. It is in generally fine condition with considerable wear, especially on the reverse, but still shows the legend \"... Al Sultan al-Malik; al-...; Imad al-Donya wa; al-Din Ismail; .... al-Malik al-Nasir Mohammad; ...lawon\" on the obverse. The reverse of the coin is much more dificult to decipher and is not in as good a condition as the obverse but you can still see the words \"...Tawfiqi Ella....; ..h Ella Allah Muhammad;.... Allah Arsal...\" The coin does not show either the mint or date of minting byut is very similar to Balog 280 which is known to have been minted in Dimishq. This is Album 933 and is listed as Wilkes 989. Please carefully review the scans presented as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Date off flan, struck in the period 743-746 AH (1342-1345 AD).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Not clear on the coin but most likely Dimishq.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~3.4 grams of silver and is ~21 mm in diameter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #933 (S), listed in Balog as 280, and it is Wilkes 989.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e For international buyers, please note that the new US postal rates for overseas shipping are very high and we are unable to change them. Additional charges will be incurred depending on the value of the item. Please check the cost of shipping before bidding. I would grade this coin as a good fine on the obverse and a very good or better on the reverse. The coin itself is much better than the scan shows, especially the reverse which we were not able to get a good photo of. The coin in reality shows partially defined and legible calligraphy on both the obverse and reverse. The coin is a bit off round with misshapen edge. The coin shows considerable wear and has areas of flatness along the edges but is clean and shows the well defined title of Isma'il. This is normally more difficult coin to find, which would make a nice addition to your collection. Please see the photos for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Qahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers of the Cairo Citadel are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":15024313925681,"sku":"","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM119.JPG?v=1571438839"},{"product_id":"abbasid-silver-dirham-uncertain-mint-al-muhammadiya-or-al-basra-al-mansur-dirham-158-ah-775-ad-good-fine-to-very-fine","title":"Abbasid Silver Dirham Uncertain Mint Al-Muhammadiya or Al-Basra Al-Mansur Dirham 158 AH \/ 775 AD Good Fine to Very Fine","description":"Description: Silver Dirham from Al-Mansur, who ruled the Muslim empire in the period 136-158 AH (754 - 775 AD). Al-Mansur is the second caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. His full name being Abu Jafar Abdul Allah al-Mansur. This is a dirham, weighs 2.8 grams and is 24 mm in diameter. The coin shows the date of minting as 158 AH but the mint name is not very clear, could be al-Muhammadiya or possibly al-Basra. The obverse of the coin has the words \"Muhammad Rasul Allah\" with the letter \" WAW \" below it in the center and the verse \"Muhammad Rasul Allah, arsaluh bil huda wa din al haq liazharuh 'al al din kulh walaw karah al mushrikon\" along the edge. The reverse shows the name of the mint (which is not very clear but most likely al-Mohammadiya) and the date in a circle along the edge. It also has the words \"La Illaha ell Allah, Wahduh la Sharik Lah\" in the center. Please note the coin is better than the photos suggest with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please carefully review the images presented as they part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDate: 158 AH or 775 AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMint: Uncertain, but most likely al-Mohammadiya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSize and weight: This is a dirham weighs 2.8 grams and is ~24 mm in diameter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences: It is Album #213.1 but is not listed in Al'Ush Catalog of Islamic coins preserved in the national museum of Qatar and not listed in Lane Poole's Catalogue of Islamic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Collection in Cairo Egypt.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCondition: For international buyers, please note that the new US postal rates for overseas shipping are very high and we are unable to change them. Additional charges will be incurred depending on the value of the item. Please check the cost of shipping before bidding. I would grade this coin as a good fine to very fine. The coin has very readable calligraphy and light toning. The coin shows general wear, has a few nicks in the field which can be seen in the photos, has no appreciable losses, and has a few scratches. Be that as it may the coin is very fine and would make a great addition to your collection. Please note the coin itself is much better than the photos shows with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHistoric Perspective: Abbasid is an Arabic ruling dynasty, originally based in Madinat al-Salam (current day Baghdad) that expanded the Muslim empire and lasted from 750 Ad to 1258 AD. It was named for al-Abbas (566?-652), paternal uncle of the prophet Muhammad. ). Al-Safah leaded the revolt against the Umayyad established and became the first Abbasid Caliph upon the overthrow of the Umayyad caliph in 132 AH \/ 749 AD. During the first century of the Abbasid rule the empire experienced a time of unprecedented cultural, artistic and economic development, particularly during the reigns of Harun al-Rashid (786-809) and his son al-Ma’mun (813-833).","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":15512328732721,"sku":"","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/ABD367.JPG?v=1571438841"},{"product_id":"cairo-egypt-gold-coin-825-841-ah-1422-1438-ad-mamluk-ashrafi-al-ashraf-sayf-al-din-abu-al-nasr-barsbay","title":"Cairo Egypt Gold Coin 825-841 AH \/ 1422-1438 AD Mamluk Ashrafi Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Abu Al-Nasr Barsbay","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A gold coin from Barsbay (Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Abu Al-Nasr), who ruled Egypt and Syria during the period 825-841 AH (1422-1438 AD). Barsbay is from the Circassian Burji Mamluk dynasty. The coin clearly show the mint name as Al-Qahira, current day Cairo the capital of Egypt. The coin does not show the date of minting as is the norm with these small flan coins. The fact that the mint name is clearly evident in the top of the obverse is rather uncommon since these small flan coins very seldom capable of accommodating the date and mint name, so this coin represents a find. Please carefully review the photos presented as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e The date of minting is not evident on the coin and the coin is minted some time in the period 825-841 AH \/ 1422-1438 AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin clearly shows the mint name as Al-Qahira current day Cairo the Capital of Egypt. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is an Ashrafi, weighs 3.3 grams and is ~18.5 mm in diameter. The Ashrafi is a standard 3.3 to 3.5 gram coin of high purity gold (over 22K) and standard weight minted after the Venetian ducats. This type of coin was established by Al-Ashraf Barsbay, who instituted monetary reform during his reign. As such this coin represents one of the earliest examples of the Ashrafi.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #998 and is similar to Balog #703 through 712 with both obverse and reverse divided by three horizontal cables facing left. The coin is listed in Lane Poole's Catalog of the Khedivial Collection as 1566-1568.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as beautiful extremely fine. The coin itself is much better than the photos suggest with very well defined and legible calligraphy. It has sharp, very readable and distinct writing. The coin is problem free and is great looking, it is definitely a quality coin, very nice, and worthy of a spot in your collection. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The word Mamluks in Arabic means \"owned\", hence their nickname \"Slave Kings\". They succeeded the Ayyubids and ruled Egypt and Syria for about 250 years. They had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like the Turkish mercenaries of the Abbasid caliphs, had usurped power from their enfeebled masters. Unlike their predecessors, however, they were able to maintain their power, and they retained control of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517. Militarily formidable, they were also the first power to defeat the Mongols in open combat in 1260, at Ayn Jalut near Nazareth in Palestine. The Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250 - 1382 AD), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382 - 1517 AD), chiefly Circassians. These names arise from the location of the barracks of the Mamluks within the city of Cairo (Al Qahira). Those originating from the barracks on an island in the Nile are Bahari (sea dwellers) and those who were in the towers are the Burjis (the tower dwellers). The Bahri sultans were usually selected from a few chief families, but during Burji times there was scant respect for hereditary principle in the selection of rulers. Neither dynasty was able to exercise more than a limited power over the turbulent Mamluk soldiers. The sultans reigned, on average, less than seven years and usually met violent ends. In spite of the dangers that threatened the sultans at home, they usually conducted a vigorous foreign policy. They defeated the last of the Crusaders and repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria. At times they held all Palestine and Syria and the holy places of Arabia. Even after the Ottomans occupied Egypt they wheeled quite a bit of power until Mohammad Ali massacred the last of them at the Cairo Citadel in the early 1800's.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":15975698628657,"sku":"","price":289.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM056.JPG?v=1571438842"},{"product_id":"islamic-silver-coin-rare-mamluk-dirham-791-792-ah-1389-1390-ad-al-mansur-nasir-al-din-hajji-ii-second-reign","title":"Islamic Silver Coin Rare Mamluk Dirham 791-792 AH \/1389-1390 AD Al-Mansur Nasir Al-Din Hajji II Second Reign","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A rare silver coin from the times of Hajji II (Al-Mansur Nasir Al-Din) second reign. Hajji II is from the Bahari Mamluk dynasty and ruled Egypt and Syria twice with his first reign being in the period 783-784 AH (1381-1382 AD) and his second reign being during the period 791-6792 AH (1389-1390 AD). This is a dirham from his second reign weighing about 3.0 grams and measuring 19 millimeters in diameter. It is in generally fine or better condition with considerable wear and small areas of strike weakness or flatness. The coin clearly shows the name and title \"al-Sultan al-Malek al-Mansur Nasir (which is bit obliterated by can be inferred) al-...; ..din Hajji..Mal..; Al Ash...Sha aba\" with a decorative shape between Nasir and al-Di.. on the obverse. The reverse of the coin clearly shows the words \"... Muhammad Rassul Allah; Arsaluh Bel-huda wa Din al-Haq; Lyazharuh ala al-Din ...\" The coin is similar to Balog #530. The coin does not show the place or the date of minting. It is Album 969 with a rarity index R. Please carefully review the scans presented as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 791-792 AH (1389-1390 AD).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe place of minting is off flan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~3.0 grams of silver and is ~19 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #969 with a rarity index R, is listed in Balog as 530, and it is listed in Wilkes as 1021.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a very rare coin from the reign of Al-Mansur Nasirr Al-Din Hajji II. I would grade this coin as a good fine. The coin itself is much better than the photos suggest shows with partially defined and legible calligraphy on both the obverse and reverse. It clearly shows Hajji's name and parts of his title. It does not show the date or the [place of minting, which is not unusual with such coins of such small flan. The coin is a bit off round with misshapen edge. The coin shows considerable wear and has strike weakness or areas of flatness. It is clean and shows the well defined name of al-Mansur Hajji. This is a rare coin and very difficult to come by, which would make a nice addition to your collection. Please see the photos for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":15976210464817,"sku":"","price":77.77,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/MAM087.JPG?v=1571438842"},{"product_id":"madinat-al-salam-or-baghdad-iraq-abbasid-silver-coin-al-mansur-dirham-152-ah-769-ad-very-fine","title":"Madinat al-Salam or Baghdad Iraq Abbasid Silver Coin Al-Mansur Dirham 152 AH \/ 769 AD Very Fine","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Silver Dirham from Al-Mansur, who ruled the Muslim empire in the period 136-158 AH (754 - 775 AD). Al-Mansur is the second caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. His full name being Abu Jafar Abdul Allah al-Mansur. This is a dirham, weighs 2.9 grams and is 24 mm in diameter. The coin shows the date of minting as 152 AH and the mint as Madinat al-Salam or Baghdad the capital of current day Iraq. The obverse of the coin has the words \"Muhammad Rasul Allah\" with the letters \" Bakh\" below it in the center and the words \"Muhammad Rasul Allah, arsaluh bil huda wa din al haq liazharuh 'al al din kulh walaw karah al mushrikon\" along the edge. The reverse shows the name of the mint and the date in a circle along the edge. It also has the words \"La Illaha ell Allah, Wahduh la Sharik Lah\" in the center. Please note the coin is much better than the photos suggest with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please carefully review the images presented as they part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 152 AH or 769 AD. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Madinat al-Salam current day Baghdad the capital of Iraq. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dirham weighs 2.9 grams and is ~24 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #213, it is listed in Al'Ush Catalog of Islamic coins preserved in the national museum of Qatar as#1478. It is also listed as 325 and 326 in Lane Poole's Catalogue of Islamic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Collection in Cairo, Egypt. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e For international buyers, please note that the new US postal rates for overseas shipping are very high and we are unable to change them. Additional charges will be incurred depending on the value of the item. Please check the cost of shipping before bidding. I would grade this coin as a good fine. The coin has readable calligraphy and looks good. The coin has light toning. It shows some wear and has what looks like a crease or line in the center of both sides. We believe this was original to the striking and not a defect, but you be the judge. The coin has a few scratches and some bag marks. However, this is a very nice coin which would make a great addition to your collection. Please note the coin itself is much better than the photos show with very well defined and legible calligraphy. Please see photos for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Abbasid is an Arabic ruling dynasty, originally based in Madinat al-Salam (current day Baghdad) that expanded the Muslim empire and lasted from 750 AD to 1258 AD. It was named for al-Abbas (566?-652), paternal uncle of the prophet Muhammad. ). Al-Safah leaded the revolt against the Umayyad established and became the first Abbasid Caliph upon the overthrow of the Umayyad caliph in 132 AH \/ 749 AD. During the first century of the Abbasid rule the empire experienced a time of unprecedented cultural, artistic and economic development, particularly during the reigns of Harun al-Rashid (786-809) and his son al-Ma’mun (813-833).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":15976286781489,"sku":"","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/ABD371.JPG?v=1571438842"},{"product_id":"scarce-cairo-egypt-silver-coin-2-1-2-qirsh-1869-ad-ottoman-sultan-abdul-aziz-vf","title":"Scarce Cairo Egypt Silver Coin 2 1\/2 Qirsh 1869 AD Ottoman Sultan Abdul Aziz VF","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A nice very fine 1869 AD (1277 AH year 9 of Abdul Aziz's reign) Egyptian, while under Ottoman Rule, two and a half (2 1\/2) Qirsh silver coin. The coin depicts the tughra of Abdul Aziz (the Ottoman Sultan, in Turkey, at the time) on the obverse with a flower to the right and the denomination below it. The reverse has the Legend \"Duribah Fee Misr 1277\" (struck in Fustat on the outskirts of modern-day Cairo the capital of Egypt in 1277AH) and shows that it was struck in the 9th year of Abdul Aziz's reign, translating to 1869. The year 1277 AH (1861 AD) is the year when Abdul Aziz became sultan. The coin has a reeded edge. This is KM 252, weighs ~3.2 gm of 0.8330 silver and is ~21.4 mm in diameter. The coin has some wear, is soiled and has dark coloring on both the obverse and reverse, but the details of the inscriptions are well preserved and very readable. Please carefully review the photos as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1869. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Egypt. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a 2 1\/2 Qirsh measures a bit over 21.4 mm and weighs about 3.2 grams of 0.833 silver. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is KM #252. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as a nice very fine with all the inscribed details being well preserved and very readable. The coin is much better than the photos suggest. It has some wear but retains quite a bit of the details as in the flower petals, the tughra, and the inscription. It is rather soiled and is dark in color due to extensive circulation. It also has some scratches especially on the obverse, bag marks, and dings to the edge. The coin has wear commensurate with its age and circulated status. This is a scarce coin and is difficult to find in any grade and as such it would make a great addition to your collection at a reasonable price. Please see photos for additional condition information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":30308206641290,"sku":"","price":417.77,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/EGC694.jpg?v=1571438843"},{"product_id":"islamic-coin-madinat-al-salam-baghdad-iraq-abbasid-silver-dirham-al-mahdi-161-ah","title":"Islamic Coin Madinat al-Salam Baghdad Iraq Abbasid Silver Dirham Al-Mahdi 161 AH","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Silver Dirham from Al-Mahdi, who ruled the Muslim empire in the period 158-169 AH (775 - 785 AD). Al-Mahdi the third caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. His full name being Abu Abdul Allah al-Mahdi. This is a dirham, weighs ~2.8 grams and is ~25 mm in diameter. The coin shows the date of minting as 161 AH and the mint as Madinat al-Salam or current day Baghdad the capital of current day Iraq. The obverse of the coin has the words \"Muhammad Rasul Allah Sula Allah 'Alihe Wa Salam; al-Khalifa al-Mahdi\" with one dot below it in the center and along the edge the verse \"Muhammad Rasul Allah, arsaluh bil huda wa din al haq liazharuh 'al al din kulh walaw karah al mushrikon\". The reverse shows the name of the mint and the date in a circle along the edge. It also has the words \"La Illaha ella Allah, Wahduh la Sharik Lah\" in the center. Please note the coin is much better than the scan with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please carefully review the images presented as they part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 161 AH or 778 AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Madinat al-Salam or current day Baghdad the capital of current day Iraq.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a dirham weighs ~2.8 grams and is ~25 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album #215.1, and listed in Al'Ush Catalog of Islamic coins preserved in the national museum of Qatar as #1534. It is also listed in Wilkes as 379. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e I would grade this coin as very fine. The coin has very readable calligraphy and is a nice looking coin. The coin has some imbedded within the calligraphy on the obverse. The coin is also nicely toned with dark toning along parts of the edge of the reverse. It also has a few scratches and minor bag marks in the field and shows some wear to the high points, but has no losses. Be that as it may the coin is very nice and would make a great addition to your collection. Please note the coin itself is much better than the photos show with very well defined and legible calligraphy. A definite quality coin. Please see scan for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e Abbasid is an Arabic ruling dynasty, originally based in Madinat al-Salam (current day Baghdad) that expanded the Muslim empire and lasted from 750 Ad to 1258 AD. It was named for al-Abbas (566?-652), paternal uncle of the prophet Muhammad. ). Al-Safah leaded the revolt against the Umayyad established and became the first Abbasid Caliph upon the overthrow of the Umayyad caliph in 132 AH \/ 749 AD. During the first century of the Abbasid rule the empire experienced a time of unprecedented cultural, artistic and economic development, particularly during the reigns of Harun al-Rashid (786-809) and his son al-Ma’mun (813-833).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":30308797513866,"sku":"","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/ABD381.jpg?v=1571438844"},{"product_id":"716-islamic-coin-umayyad-silver-dirham-sullayman-ibn-abdel-malik-mahi-97-ah-vf","title":"716 Islamic Coin Umayyad Silver Dirham Sullayman ibn Abdel Malik Mahi 97 AH VF+","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A beautiful good very fine or better Umayyad silver dirham struck in 97 AH (716 AD) during the reign of the Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik. Sulayman ruled the Islamic world in the period 96-99 AH (715-717 AD). His father Abd al-Malik is the Umayyad Caliph responsible for the reformed coinage in the Islamic world, of which this coin is a great example. This beautiful coin clearly shows the mint location being Mahi or Mahayy, a less common mint reference, with the year of minting being 97 AH. This is a nice coin with beautiful toning. The coin has a very pleasing appearance and is much better than the photos suggest. Please carefully review the photos presented as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Struck 97 AH or 716 AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin clearly shows mint location being Mahi or Mahayy which is a scarcely referenced mint only active for 9 years between 90-98 AH. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~2.6 grams and is ~27.5 mm in diameter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album 131, is listed in Lane Poole Catalogue of the Collection of Arabic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Library in Cairo Egypt as No. 147, is Al-Ush 906, and it is Wilkes No. 286. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e For international buyers, please note that the new US postal rates for overseas shipping are very high and we are unable to change them. Additional charges will be incurred depending on the value of the item. Please check the cost of shipping before bidding. I would grade this coin as a good very fine or better with a wonderful and well centered strike having beautiful Calligraphy. The coin is lightly toned with some imbedded residue\/soiling within the calligraphy on both sides. The coin has some wear to the high points but the calligraphy is still beautiful, very readable, clear, and well defined. The coin has some surface scratches and some bag marks. The coin is much better than the photos suggest. The coin is problem free, great looking, and is much better than the photos show. Definitely a high quality and beautiful coin. Please see photo for additional condition information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Muslim Arabs used existing gold and silver coinage in lands they conquered. At that time the nascent Islamic nation did not have a monetary system and did not strike neither gold nor silver coins, instead the conquering Arabs used the Byzantine monetary system already existing in Egypt for most of the gold coins and the Sassanian monetary system already existing in Iran for most silver coins with minor modifications. In 77 AH (699 AD) Abd al-Malik Ibn Marwan the Umayyad caliph instituted a monetary system and began striking the first Islamic coins including the gold Dinar and silver dirham. The dinar weighed 4.25 grams, or one mithqal, of the highest purity gold possible. The dirham weighed about 2.85 of the purest possible silver composition, which would maintain a solid coin. At the time the center of power and the main gold coin mint was located in Dimishq (current day Damascus in Syria), while silver coins were minted throughout the Muslim empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31274009854090,"sku":"","price":137.77,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/UMM087.jpg?v=1574452046"},{"product_id":"720-islamic-coin-umayyad-silver-dirham-umar-ibn-abdel-aziz-basra-mintc101ah-vf","title":"720 Islamic Coin Umayyad Silver Dirham 'Umar ibn Abdel Aziz Basra Mintc101AH VF","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e A beautiful good very fine or better Umayyad silver dirham struck in 101 AH (720 AD) during the reign of the Caliph 'Umar ibn Abdel Aziz. 'Umar ruled the Islamic world in the period 99-101 AH (717-720 AD). This coin is a great example or reformed Islamic coins which have been introduced 20 years earlier by Abdel Malik ibn Marwan. This beautiful coin clearly shows the mint location being Basra, a less common mint reference, with the year of minting being 101 AH. This is a nice coin with very pleasing appearance and is much better than the photos suggest. Please carefully review the photos presented as they are part and parcel of our description.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Struck 101 AH or 720 AD.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin clearly shows mint location being Basra which is a scarcely referenced mint only active for 5 no consecutive years during Umayyad rule. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a silver dirham, weighs ~2.7 grams and is ~27 mm in diameter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is Album 133, is listed in Lane Poole Catalogue of the Collection of Arabic Coins Preserved in the Khedivial Library in Cairo Egypt as No. 83, is Al-Ush 713, and it is Wilkes No. 243.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e For international buyers, please note that the new US postal rates for overseas shipping are very high and we are unable to change them. Additional charges will be incurred depending on the value of the item. Please check the cost of shipping before bidding. I would grade this coin as a good very fine or better with a wonderful and well centered strike having beautiful Calligraphy. The coin is is bright and clean. It has some wear to the high points but the calligraphy is still beautiful, very readable, clear, and well defined. The coin has some surface scratches and some bag marks. The only issue we see with the coin is a small area at the edge (See 10 O'clock) on both sides where it has been flattened with minor pinch marks, possibly because the coin was part of a piece of jewelry sometime in its life. Other than that, the coin is problem free and is much better than the photos suggest. Definitely a high quality and beautiful coin. Please see photo for additional condition information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistoric Perspective:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Muslim Arabs used existing gold and silver coinage in lands they conquered. At that time the nascent Islamic nation did not have a monetary system and did not strike neither gold nor silver coins, instead the conquering Arabs used the Byzantine monetary system already existing in Egypt for most of the gold coins and the Sassanian monetary system already existing in Iran for most silver coins with minor modifications. In 77 AH (699 AD) Abd al-Malik Ibn Marwan the Umayyad caliph instituted a monetary system and began striking the first Islamic coins including the gold Dinar and silver dirham. The dinar weighed 4.25 grams, or one mithqal, of the highest purity gold possible. The dirham weighed about 2.85 of the purest possible silver composition, which would maintain a solid coin. At the time the center of power and the main gold coin mint was located in Dimishq (current day Damascus in Syria), while silver coins were minted throughout the Muslim empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31274093805706,"sku":"","price":77.77,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/UMM090.jpg?v=1574457068"},{"product_id":"beautiful-1938-egypt-gold-100-qirsh-commemorating-farouks-wedding-ngc-ms63-unc","title":"Beautiful 1938 Egypt Gold 100 Qirsh Commemorating Farouk's Wedding NGC MS63 UNC","description":"\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e Uncirculated, Mint State 63, 1938 (1357 AH) Egyptian One Hundred Qirsh or Piastres gold coin with full mint luster. The coin is graded by The Numismatic Guaranty Corporation of America as Mint State (MS) 63. The coin depicts the ex-king of Egypt Farouk the first with uniformed bust facing left. These coins were minted to commemorate the young king's wedding to queen Farida in 1938. The coin is labeled (Al Mamlaka al Masriyah) Kingdom of Egypt. It is KM-372 and weighs 8.5 grams of 0.875 gold. This is the yellow gold version. It measures approximately 24mm in diameter. Please carefully review the scans presented as they are part and parcel of our description. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1938 AD - 1357AH.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Egypt.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize and Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e This is a twenty piastres, weighs 8.5 grams and is ~24 mm in diameter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e It is KM #372.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coin is uncirculated and graded MS63 by NGC with full mint luster and proof like fields having reddish tone. The coin is much better than the photos shows. It does have a minimum of the normal scratches and bag marks that come with such coins and has no wear commensurate with its mint state designation. Please see photo for additional condition information.","brand":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31557405868170,"sku":"","price":1350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/products\/EGC721.jpg?v=1577829190"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0399\/0717\/collections\/ABD337a.JPG?v=1394819107","url":"https:\/\/giamerantiquesandcollectibles.com\/collections\/ancient-coins.oembed?page=9","provider":"Giamer Antiques and Collectibles","version":"1.0","type":"link"}